BORAGINACEAE (BORAGE FAMILY) 413 



prickles which are distinct to an obscure marginal ridge. Frequent in Wyo- 

 ming; probably southward. 



6. Lappula occidentalis (Wats.) Greene, Pitt. 4: 97. 1899. Pubescence 

 short, pustulate at base; stems one or more, freely branched from near the 

 base, 1-4 dm. high: leaves linear-oblong, mostly small, passing into small 

 bracts: flowers minute, crowded; fruiting racemes elongated and slender: nut- 

 lets with 7-11 distinct triangular-subulate prickles generally grooved down 

 the whole inner face, the surface of the nutlet covered with low tuberculations 

 (not muricate). Echinospermum Redowskii occidentale Wats. Frequent in 

 our range and extending both eastward and westward. 



7. Lappula calycosa Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28: 30. 1901. Ahirsute an- 

 nual, simple below, virgately branched above, 3HI: dm. high: leaves oblong, 

 obtuse, 3-4 cm. long, smaller and bract-like on the branches: flowers and fruit 

 on short pedicels: the calyx-lobes enlarged, in fruit subfoliaceous and reflexed: 

 the minute corolla blue: nutlets as in the preceding but the prickles not 

 grooved; backs of nutlets muricate. Colorado (Rydberg and Vreeland, 1900). 



8. Lappula Lappula (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 979. 1880-83. A pale, leafy, 

 hispid-pubescent annual, 3-6 dm. high, erect with a few erect or divaricate 

 branches above: leaves from spatulate below to linear above, mostly obtusish: 

 racemes crowded, sometimes 1-sided: corolla blue: fruit ovate-globular, 2-3 

 mm. in diameter, on short stout pedicels: nutlets roughened-papillose on the 

 back, with 2 rows of small slender prickles on the margins. Naturalized from 

 Europe and to be expected within our range as a weed. 



9. Lappula cenchroides A. Nels. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28: 2. 1899. An- 

 nual or biennial, rather harshly pubescent, mostly intricately bushy-branched, 

 2-4 cm. high: leaves numerous, oblong to ovate, 1-2 cm. long, the pubescence 

 on the underside with large pustulate bases: flowers minute, in leafy-bracted 

 spikes: fruits large, nearly sessile; nutlets ovate-acute, armed on the margins 

 with a double row of numerous large distinct unequal aculei, scabrous- 

 tuberculate on the back with a noticeable median row. Dry canons; southern 

 Wyoming. 



10. Lappula cucullata A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 34: 29. 1902.. Pubescence short, 

 subcinereous, scarcely hispid, more or less branched from the crown of the 

 slender taproot, 1 (rarely 2) dm. high: leaves numerous, narrowly oblong, 

 1-3 cm. long, passing into the smaller foliar bracts: flowers inconspicuous: 

 fruits large for the plant; nutlets similar, all deeply cupulate or hooded, the 

 border thin but strongly involute, the rounded margin bearing a few short, 

 glochidiate prickles; the tip of the nutlet with nearly an equal number of 

 slender prickles not involved in the border of the hood (these characters not 

 fully developed till maturity); the body of the nutlet with a dorsal, slightly 

 muriculate ridge, ventrally orbicular with an abrupt acumination, strongly 

 keeled, the sides closely muriculate. ^Sandy barrens; Wyoming and southward. 



11. Lappula foliosa A. Nels. Diffusely and profusely branched from the 

 base, the slender branches very leafy throughout, 10-20 cm. long, floriferous 

 nearly to the base but more remotely so downward: leaves broadly linear, 

 1-3 cm. long: flowers blue: fruits on short pedicels which tend to recurve; nut- 

 lets all alike, the prickles widely dilated and connected at base, forming a 

 narrow wing-like revolute margin, minutely papillose-scabrous on all sides 

 with a noticeable dorsal ridge. L. desertorum foliosa A. Nels. Bull. Torr. 

 Bot. Club 27: 267. 1900. Red Desert of Wyoming; probably southward. 



12. Lappula heterosperma Greene, Pitt. 4: 94. 1899. Diffusely branched, 

 often nearly to the base; the branches 10-15 cm. long, loosely floriferous, each 

 flower subtended by a leafy bract which surpasses even the mature fruit: 

 leaves linear to oblong-linear, subcinereous: flowers pale blue: nutlets dis- 

 similar, 3 with an elevated, coroniform, thickened, aculeate border, the fourth 

 with about 6 prickles almost distinct, but each dilated and slightly inflated at 

 base, a line of sharp murication forming a dorsal ridge and the whole surface 

 of nutlets minutely muricate, even on the cupulate crown. Southwestern 

 Colorado and southward as to the species. The following variety occurs 

 farther northward. 



