VERBENACEAE ( VERVAIN FAMILY) 425 



like appendage. Style short, stigmatic on only one of its lobes. Sponta- 

 neous hybrids are known to be common. 



Flowers small, spicate; anthers unappendaged. 

 Spike slender; bracts inconspicuous. 



Plants glabrate or sparsely rough-hirsute . IV hastata 



Plants densely soft-pubescent . . . . ~. , . 2. V. stricta. 



Spike thick; bracts surpassing the flowers 3. V. bracteosa. 



Flowers large, capitate, becoming spicate; anthers of the longer sta- 

 mens appendaged. 



Bracts surpassing the calyx 4. V. bipinnatifida. 



Bracts shorter than the calyx 5. V. canadensis. 



1. Verbena hastata L. Sp. PI. 20. 1753. Tall perennial 9-15 dm. high, 

 glabrate or sparsely rough-hirsute or scabrous: leaves lanceolate or oblong- 

 lanceolate, acuminate, cut-serrate, petioled, the lower sometimes hastately 

 lobed at base: spikes linear, panicled, peduncled, 5-12 cm. long; flowers blue; 

 bracts ovate-acuminate, not surpassing the flowers: fruits crowded or over- 

 lapping, 2-3 mm. high. BLUE VERVAIN. Common from the Atlantic region 

 to eastern Wyoming and south to New Mexico and Texas. 



2. Verbena stricta Vent. Descr. PI. Jard. Cels. pi. 53. 1800. Lower, 3-7 dm. 

 high, softly cinereous or hoary-pubescent, simple or branched: leaves ovate 

 or oblong, nearly sessile, sharply often doubly serrate, rarely incised, thickish 

 and rugose-veiny, 3-7 cm. long: spikes dense, thicker, canescent, 1-2 dm. 

 long; flowers blue or purplish; bracts lanceolate-subulate, about as long as 

 the calyx: fruit larger. HOARY VERVAIN. Extending eastward from our 

 range. 



3. Verbena bracteosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 3: 13. 1803. Perennial, branched 

 from the base, diffuse or decumbent, hirsute: leaves cuneate-oblong or cuneate- 

 obovate, narrowed into a short-margined petiole, pinnately incised or 3-cleft 

 and coarsely dentate: spikes terminating the branches; bracts rigid and some- 

 what foliaceous, surpassing the flowers, the lowest often pinnatifid or incised: 

 corolla purplish-blue. Plains and waste grounds; across the continent. 



4. Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 2: 123. 1821. Hispid- 

 hirsute, 1-3 dm. high: leaves usually 4-10 dm. long, bipinnately parted or 

 3-parted into more or less bi pinnatifid divisions, the lobes linear or broader: 

 spikes elongated in age; bracts mostly surpassing the calyx: limb of bluish- 

 purple corolla 8-10 mm. broad: fruit 3-4 mm. high, the nutlets usually 

 retrorsely scabrous on the commissure. Dry plains east of the Rocky Moun- 

 tains from Dakota to Mexico. This and the next frequently found in cul- 

 tivation, though mostly the hybrid forms. 



5. Verbena canadensis (L.) Brit. Mem. Torr. Club 5: 276. 1894. Slender, 

 3 dm. high or less, soft-pubescent or glabrate: leaves 3-5 cm. long, ovate or 

 ovate-oblong in outline, cuneate at base, incisely lobed and toothed, often 

 more deeply 3-cleft: spikes pedunculate, elongated in fruit; bracts shorter 

 than or equaling the calyx: limb of reddish-purple or lilac corolla 14-18 mm. 

 broad: fruit 5-6 mm. high; the nutlets minutely white-dotted or nearly 

 smooth on the commissure. V. Aubletia Jacq. Southern Colorado, southward 

 and eastward. 



2. LIPPIA L. 



Herbs or shrubs, with spikes or heads of small flowers and short often flattened 

 2-4-toothed or 2-lipped calyx inclosing the dry fruit which separates into 

 2 nutlets. Corolla 2-lipped, the upper lip notched, the lower 3-lobed. Stamens 

 4, didynamous. Style short, slender; the stigma oblique. 



Peduncles scarcely longer than the leaves . . . . . . 1. L. cuneifolia. 



Peduncles much longer than the leaves . . . . . . . 2. L. lanceolata. 



1. Lippia cuneifolia (Torr.) Steud. Torr. in Marcy Rep. 293. pi. 17. 1853. 

 Diffusely branched, procumbent, minutely canescent throughout: leaves 

 rigid, cuneate-linear, sessile, incisely 2-6-toothed above the middle: peduncles 

 mostly shorter than the leaves; bracts rigid, broadly cuneate, abruptly acumi- 



