438 SCROPHULARIACEAE (FIGWORT FAMILY) 



Sterile stamen conspicuous, elongated. 



Calyx deeply 5-parted or divided . . . .5. Pentstemon. 



Calyx obtusely 5-lobed ....... 6. Chionophila. 



Stamens all anther-bearing. 



Stamens 2 (in No. 7 also a pair of sterile rudiments). 



Calyx of 5 nearly distinct lobes . . , . . .7. Gratiola. 

 Calyx 4-parted. 



Leaves alternate, mostly basal 8. Synthyris. 



Leaves opposite, at least the lower ..... 9. Veronica. 



Stamens 4. 



Corolla regular or nearly so. 



Stemless, small, mud-loving or aquatic plants . . .10. Limosella. 

 Stems erect, usually branched . . . . . .11. Gerardia. 



Corolla distinctly bilabiate. 



Stamens not inclosed in the upper lip 12. Mimulus. 



Stamens ascending under or inclosed in the upper lip. 

 Anther-cells equal, parallel. 



Calyx inflated and veiny in fruit; leaves opposite . 13. Rhinanthus. 

 Calyx not inflated; leaves alternate or verticillate . 14. Pedicularis. 

 Anther-cells unequal, one pendulous by its apex. 



Lips of the corolla very unequal . . . .15. Castilleja. 



Lips of the corolla equal or nearly so. 



Calyx nearly equally 4-lobed, i. e., the lips deeply 



cleft 16. Orthocarpus. 



Calyx-lips not cleft, the lower sometimes wanting . 17. Cordylanthus. 



1. VERBASCUM L. MULLEIN 



Tall and usually woolly biennial herbs, with alternate leaves (those of the 

 stem sessile or decurrent) and flowers in large terminal spikes or racemes. 

 Calyx 5-parted, Corolla rotate, 5-lobed, the lobes broad and rounded and 

 but little unequal. Stamens 5, all (or only the upper 3) filaments woolly. 

 Capsule globular, many-seeded. 



Plant stout, densely woolly . . 1. V. Thapsus. 



Plant slender, glabrate . . . . . . . . , 2. V. Blattaria. 



1, Verbascum Thapsus L. Sp. PI. 177. 1753. Densely woolly throughout 

 with branched hairs, 5-15 dm. high; stem stout, simple, winged by the de- 

 current bases of the large, oblong, acute leaves: flowers yellow, in a prolonged 

 and very dense cylindrical spike: stamens unequal, the 3 upper hairy: capsule 

 5-6 mm. in diameter, with numerous rugose seeds. COMMON MULLEIN. A 

 very widely introduced weed, now found in many places within our range. 



2. Verbascum Blattaria L. 1. c. 178. Green and smoothish, slender, 3-6 dm. 

 high: lower leaves petioled, oblong, doubly serrate, sometimes lyre-shaped, 

 the upper partly clasping: raceme loose; flowers yellow or white with a tinge 

 of purple: filaments all bearded with violet wool. A native of Europe; rare 

 in our range; roadsides and waste places. 



2. LINARIA L. TOADFLAX. BUTTER AND EGGS 



Herbs with alternate leaves or the lower opposite and flowers in slender 

 spikes or racemes. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla personate, the prominent palate 

 often nearly closing the throat, spurred at the base on the lower side. Sta- 

 mens didynamous. Capsule thin, opening below the summit by one or two 

 pores or chinks. 



Flowers blue , 1. L. canadensis. 



Flowers yellow 2. L. vulgaris. 



1. Linaria canadensis (L.) Dumont, Bot. Cult. 2: 96. 1802. Slender and 

 glabrous, 1-8 dm. high: leaves flat, oblong to linear, alternate on the erect 

 flowering stems, opposite or whorled on the procumbent sterile shoots from 

 the base: flowers small, blue, in a naked terminal raceme; pedicels erect, not 

 longer than the filiform-curved spur of the corolla. Rather infrequent; sandy 

 gravelly soil; southern part of our range. 



2. Linaria vulgaris Mill. Gard. Diet. Ed. 8. 1768. Perennial, erect, 2-5 dm. 

 high: leaves alternate, very numerous, pale, linear or nearly so: flowers in a 



