SCROPHULARIACEAE (FIG WORT FAMILY) 455 



14. PEDICULARIS L. LOUSEWORT 



Herbs with alternate or opposite leaves and yellow, purple, red, or white 

 flowers in terminal spikes or racemes. Calyx tubular, cleft on the lower side 

 or sometimes also on the upper side, or 2-5-toothed. Corolla strongly bilabiate, 

 the tube cylindric; the galea laterally compressed, concave or conduplicate, 

 sometimes beaked; lower lip erect or ascending, 3-lobed, the lobes spreading 

 or reflexed, the middle one smallest. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending 

 within the upper lip of the corolla ; anthers transverse, approximate in pairs, 

 the cells equal, parallel, obtuse or rarely mucronate at base. Capsule com- 

 pressed, oblique or curved, beaked, many-seeded, loculicidally dehiscent. 

 Seeds reticulated, pitted, striate, or ribbed. 



Calyx cleft below, sometimes above but less deeply. 

 Leaves more or less pubescent. 



Deeply pinnatifid 1. P. canadensis. 



Crenate 2. P. crenulata. 



Leaves wholly glabrous. 



Corolla white, the beak hooked 3. P. racemosa. 



Corolla purplish, the beak subcircinate . . . 4. P. ctenophora. 



Calyx subequally 5-toothed or 5-lobed. 

 The lobes and the tube subequal. 



Flowers purple 5. P. cystopteridifolia. 



Flowers yellow . 6. P. bracteosa. 



The lobes or teeth much shorter than the tube. 

 Corolla yellow or yellowish. 



Galea scarcely surpassing the lip . . . . 7. P. Grayi. 



Galea falcate with decurved beak . . . . . 8. P. Parryi. 

 Corolla purple or purplish. 



Beak of galea short and straight . . . . . 9. P. scopulorum. 

 Beak of galea long and lunately curved. 



Beak short, rather thick, incurved-lunate . . .10. P. lunata. 

 Beak long, slender, recurved or upturned . . 11. P. groenlandica. 



1. Pedicularis canadensis L. Mant. 86. 1767. Pubescent, or glabrate 

 below; stems commonly tufted, simple: leaves alternate or some of them op- 

 posite, oblong-lanceolate, 7-13 cm. long, pinnately parted into obtuse, incised 

 or dentate lobes: spike 1-2 dm. long in fruit: calyx cleft on the lower side, 

 2-3-crenate on the upper, oblique: corolla yellow or reddish, the galea arched, 

 incurved, minutely 2-toothed below the apex: capsule oblique, 14-16 mm. 

 long. Scarcely in our range ; eastward to the Atlantic States. 



2. Pedicularis crenulata Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 568. 1846. Pubescent; 

 stems clustered, simple, erect from a decumbent base, 1-3 dm. high: leaves 

 undivided, oblong-linear or narrower, obtuse, 3-6 cm. long, closely crenate 

 and the broad crenatures minutely crenulate: spike short and dense: corolla 

 whitish or purplish, about 20 mm. long, like that of the last, but the teeth 

 at the apex of galea less conspicuous. Colorado and Wyoming in grassy 

 mountain meadows; spreading rapidly in irrigated meadows, and becoming a 

 pest. 



3. Pedicularis racemosa Dougl. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 108. 1838. Gla- 

 brous, 2-4 dm. high; stems simple or branched, leafy to the top: leaves lanceo- 

 late, undivided, minutely and doubly crenulate, 5-10 cm. long: flowers short- 

 pediceled, in a short leafy raceme or spike, or the lower in remote axils and 

 uppermost with bracts hardly surpassing the 2-toothed calyx: slender beak 

 of the galea hamate-deflexed, produced into a slender, elongated-subulate, 

 circinate-incurved beak, nearly reaching the apex of the broad lower lip. 

 Subalpine throughout our range and far westward. 



4. Pedicularis ctenophora Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 24: 293. 1897. 

 Stem from a thickened caudex, about 3 dm. high, glabrous, strict, striate: 

 leaves numerous, especially at the base, glabrous, rather thickish, pinnately 

 divided into linear-lanceolate serrate segments: spike about 1 dm. long, rather 

 loose; bracts broadly ovate in outline, pectinately divided: calyx gibbous 

 above, purple-striate, more or less villous-ciliate at the base: corolla purplish; 

 galea arcuate, produced into an elongated incurved beak; lip very broad, 

 especially the lateral lobes. Very near the more western P. contorta Benth. 

 Wyoming and Montana. 



