SCROPHULARIACEAE (FIGWORT FAMILY) 457 



segments crenulate or incised: spike dense, 1-2 dm. long: calyx 5-toothed, 

 nearly equaling the corolla-tube: corolla red or purple; galea decurved against 

 the lower lip and upwardly recurved beyond it: capsule obliquely ovate. 

 (Elephantella groenlandica Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 360. 1900.) 

 In swamps and wet meadows; throughout northern America. 



15. CASTILLEJA * Mutis 



Herbs with alternate leaves and red, yellow, purple, or white flowers in 

 dense, terminal, leafy-bracted spikes, the bracts often brightly colored and 

 much larger than the flowers. Calyx tubular, laterally flattened, more or 

 less cleft above or below, or both, the lobes entire or 2-cleft. Corolla tu- 

 bular, very irregular, the tube not longer than the calyx, the limb bilabiate ; 

 upper lip (galea) arched, elongated, concave or keeled, laterally compressed, 

 entire, inclosing the didynamous stamens; lower lip short, often very small, 

 3-toothed, 3 carinate or somewhat saccate below the short teeth. 



Annual 1. C. exilis. 



Perennials. 



Calyx less deeply cleft above than below. 

 Corolla long (4-5 cm.). 



Galea as long as the tube of the corolla . . . . 2. C. linariaefolia. 



Galea shorter than the tube of the corolla . . . 3. C. sessiliflora. 



Corolla short (2-3 cm.). 



Inflorescence bright red or scarlet . . . . 4. C. collina. 



Inflorescence greenish or yellow. 



Lip of corolla half as long as the galea . . . 5. C. brachyantha. 



Lip of corolla very short 6. C. flava. 



Calyx equally or subequally cleft above and below. 

 Inflorescence conspicuously red, scarlet, or purple. 



Galea longer than the tube of the corolla or the two subequal. 



Leaves glabrate; galea exserted . . . . . 7. C. miniata. 



Leaves pubescent; galea partly exserted .... 8. C. chromosa 

 Galea shorter than the tube of the corolla. 

 Stems low, mostly less than 3 dm. high. 

 Floral bracts laciniately 3-5-cleft. 



Leaves entire or pinnately lobed . . . . 9. C. Haydenii. 



Leaves mostly equally 3-cleft 10. C. Buffumii. 



Floral bracts entire or nearly so 11. C. integra. 



Stems taller, 3-5 dm. or more. 



Calyx with 4 subequal lobes 12. C. confusa. 



Calyx with 2 primary lobes which are more or less cleft. 



Floral bracts bright purple 13. C. lauta. 



Floral bracts bright scarlet. 



Stems in clumps, from a woody caudex . . . 14. C. rhexifolia. 

 Stems single, spreading by creeping rootstocks . 15. C. lancifolia. 

 Inflorescence pale, greenish, or yellow. 



Galea equaling the tube of the corolla, or nearly so . . 16. C. dubia. 

 Galea shorter than the tube of the corolla. 



Galea short, or not more than twice as long as the lip. 



Calyx cleft into 4 subequal lobes 17. C. longispica. 



Calyx 2-cleft, the lobes bidentate or cleft. 

 Inflorescence more or less pilose. 



Primary calyx-lobes merely bidentate . . .18. C. pilifera. 

 Primary calyx-lobes 2-cleft ..... 19. C. fasciculata. 

 Inflorescence cinereous-puberulent, not pilose . . 20. C. pallescens. 

 Galea more than twice as long as the lip. 



Corolla and calyx subequal 21. C. lineata. 



Corolla distinctly surpassing the calyx. 



Low (1-2 dm.) 22. C. occidentalis. 



Taller (3-5 dm.) 23. C. sulphurea. 



1. Castilleja exilis A. Nels. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17: 100. 1904. Villous- 

 pubescent; stem slender, strict, simple or with 1 or 2 erect branches, 3-7 dm. 

 nigh: leaves all linear-lanceolate and entire, sessile, acuminate, 4-8 cm. long: 

 bracts similar to the leaves but smaller, red or red-tipped, very narrow, 

 equaling or longer than the short-pediceled flowers: calyx green, cleft on both 

 sides to about the middle, the lobes lanceolate, acute, entire or 2-toothed: 

 corolla yellow, 12-20 mm. long, the upper lip much longer than the small 



* For other closely allied species coming into the borders of our range, see Bull. Torr. 

 Bot. Club 34: 35-41. 1907, where Rydberg characterizes thirteen additional species. 



