468 CAPRIFOLIACEAE (HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY) 



7. Galium Brandegei Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 58. 1877. Perennial and 

 caespitose, forming dense mats; stems low and prostrate or ascending, 5-12 cm. 

 long, slender and rather densely leafy, smooth or nearly so; branches when 

 present solitary: leaves in fours, unequal, obovate-spatulate, small, 10 mm. 

 or less, rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base, somewhat fleshy, dull on 

 both surfaces, veins indistinct, margins and midrib glabrous: flowers lateral, 

 commonly geminate, on glabrous arcuate pedicels which are as long as or 

 longer than the leaves: corolla of medium size, white, 3-parted, lobes broadly 

 oval, obtuse: fruit glabrous. Colorado to New Mexico and far westward. 



8. Galium asperrimum Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. 4: 60. 1840. Stems erect 

 or diffusely ascending but weak, 1-2 dm. long: leaves lanceolate, 1-2 cm. 

 long: cymes twice or thrice dichotomous, with filiform peduncles and pedicels: 

 corolla white or turning purplish: ovary merely puberulent or scabrous: 

 fruit granulate-scabrous and sometimes minutely hispidulous. Throughout 

 the western United States. 



9. Galium coloradoense Wight, Zoe 5: 54. 1900. Glabrous and smooth, 

 paniculately branched, slightly woody at base: leaves 4 in the whorls, 

 smooth, linear, with prominent midrib, 1-3 cm. long, cuspidate-acute: flowers 

 dioecious, the fertile naked-paniculate: corolla about 2 mm. in diameter: 

 bristles of the mature fruit as long as the body or longer, somewhat crumpled 

 but not hooked. G. Mathewsii in part. Arid areas; southern Colorado. 



110. CAPRIFOLIACEAE Vent. HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY 



Shrubs or rarely herbs with opposite exstipulate leaves and perfect mostly 

 cymose flowers. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary. Corolla sympetalous, 

 5-lobed or rarely bilabiate. Stamens 5 (4 in Linnaea), inserted on the tube of 

 the corolla and alternate with its lobes. Fruit a berry, drupe, or capsule, 

 2-5-celled. 



Corolla short, rotate or urceolate; stigma nearly sessile; fruit drupa- 

 ceous. 



Leaves pinnately compound . . . . . . .1. Sambucus. 



Leaves simple .......... 2. Viburnum. 



Corolla tubular or campanulate; style elongated; fruit dry or berry- 

 like. 



Slightly woody herb with twin flowers 3. Linnaea. 



Shrubs. 



Corolla regular; fruit 2-seeded 4. Symphoricarpos. 



Corolla irregular; fruit few-several-seeded . . . .5. Lonicera. 



1. SAMBUCUS L. ELDER 



Shrubby plants, with a rank smell when bruised, pinnate leaves, serrate 

 pointed leaflets, and numerous small white flowers in compound cymes. 

 Calyx-lobes minute or obsolete. Corolla open, urn-shaped, with a broadly 

 spreading 5-cleft limb. Stamens 5. Stigmas 3. Fruit a berry-like juicy 

 drupe, containing 3 small seed-like nutlets. 



Cyme flat-topped; pith in year-old stems white. 



Stem tree-like and long enduring; fruit black beneath a copious 



bloom 1. S. glauca. 



Stem short-lived; fruit purple-black, almost devoid of bloom . . 2. S. canadensis. 

 Cyme not flat-topped; pitn in year-old stems yellowish-brown. 



Leaves blackening in drying; fruit black 3. S. melanocarpa. 



Leaves not blackening in drying; fruit bright red . . . . 4. S. microbotrys 



1. Sambucus glauca Nutt. T. & G. Fl. 2: 13. 1841. Arborescent, 2-4 m. 

 high, the larger with trunks 1-2 dm. in diameter, glabrous throughout: leaf- 

 lets 5-9, thickish, ovate to narrowly oblong, the lower rarely 3-parted ; stipels 

 rare and small, subulate or oblong: fruit nearly black but strongly whitened 



