476 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



pairs of oblong or lanceolate leaflets: inflorescence few to many-flowered, 

 rather open even in anthesis and quite so in fruit: corolla white, campanulate, 

 hairy in throat: achenes ovate to lanceolate, pubescent. V. sylvatica in part. 

 Mountains of Colorado and Wyoming. 



3a. Valeriana micrantha wyomingensis (E. Nels.) A. Nels. Usually 

 smaller, the inflorescence few-flowered and very open, the achenes glabrous. 

 (V . wyomingensis E. Nels. 1. c. 167.) Northwestern Wyoming and contiguous 

 territory. 



4. Valeriana acutiloba Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28: 24. 190 L Green 

 and glabrous, 3-5 dm. high: basal leaves entire, spatulate or obovate, acute, 

 the short petiole wing-margined; stem leaves 2 or 3 pairs, pinnately divided: 

 cyme dense and contracted, glandular-puberulent or nearly glabrous: corolla 

 funnelform, with very short tube: ovary and fruit glabrous. V. sylvatica in 

 part. (V. oreophila Greene, ace. to Rydb.; V. occidentalis, V. septentrionalis, 

 V . sitchensis Scouleri, as to our range.) Partly wooded hillsides, appearing 

 as the snowdrifts recede; in the Rocky Mountains of our range. 



4a. Valeriana acutiloba ovata (Rydb.) A. Nels. Reduced alpine state, 

 with simple, ovate, subcordate. petioled basal leaves: fruit ovate. (V. ovata 

 Rydb. 1. c. 31: 645.) High mountains of Colorado. 



116. COMPOSITAE Adans. COMPOSITE FAMILY 



Flowers in a close head, on a common receptacle, surrounded by an in- 

 volucre, with 5 (rarely 4) stamens inserted on the epigynous corolla, the 

 anthers united in a tube (syngenesious) . Calyx-tube epigynous upon the 

 1-celled ovary, the limb (pappus) crowning its summit in the form of 

 bristles, awns, scales, teeth, etc., or cup-shaped, or else entirely absent. 

 Corolla either strap-shaped or tubular; in the latter chiefly 5-lobed, val- 

 vate in the bud, the veins bordering the margins of the lobes. Style 

 2-cleft at the apex (in sterile flowers usually entire). Fruit seed-like 

 (achenes), dry, containing a single, erect, anatropous seed, with no en- 

 dosperm. An immense family, in temperate regions chiefly herbs, without 

 stipules, with perfect, polygamous, monoecious, or dioecious flowers. The 

 flowers with a strap-shaped (ligulate) corolla are called rays or ray-flowers; 

 the head which presents such flowers, either throughout or at the margin, 

 is radiate. The tubular flowers compose the disk; and a head which has no 

 ray-flowers is said to be discoid. When the head contains 2 sorts of flowers 

 it is said to be heterogamous ; when only 1 sort, homogamous. The leaves 

 of the involucre, of whatever form or texture, are termed bracts. The bracts 

 or scales, which often grow on the receptacle among the flowers, are called 

 the chaff; when these are wanting, the receptacle is said to be naked. The 

 largest family of seed plants. The genera are divided by the corolla into 3 

 series, only 2 of which are represented in our region, the first being much the 

 larger. 



Key to the Tribes 



Series A. TUBULIFLORAE 



COROLLAS ALL TUBULAR AND REGULAR. OR ONLY THE MARGINAL ONES 

 LIGULATE (IRREGULAR) 



Anthers not caudate at base; style branches either truncate or 



tipped with an appendage. 

 Heads rayless; flowers all perfect, never yellow. 



Style branches terete-filiform I. VERNONIEAE. 



Style branches thickened upward (clavate) ... II. EUPATORIEAE. 



