COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 483 



b. Achenes 4-angled. 



66. Eriophyllum. Bracts of the involucre in 1 or 2 series and more or less united; ligules 



broad. 



67. Platyschkuhria. Perennial with entire leaves mostly radical and subscapose stem. 



Bracts about 10, distinct. 



68. Bahia. Annuals or perennials, the leaves cleft, divided, or dissected. Bracts distinct. 



69. Chaenactis. Annuals or perennials, the leaves pinnate or bipinnate. Heads of white 



flesh-colored flowers, rayless. 



70. Hulsea. Low viscid perennial. Pappus of about 4 erose truncate scales. 



bb. Achenes 5-10-ribbed; herbage commonly impressed-punctate and resiniferous. 



c. Pappus present. 

 d. Involucral bracts erect. 



71. Actinella. Leaves entire. Stems scapose or with a few linear leaves low. 



72. Hymenoxys. Leaves 1-3-ternately parted, if wholly only in the axils of the radical 



leaves. Heads medium. 



73. Rydbergia. Low woolly alpine perennial with enormous heads. 



dd. Involucral bracts spreading or reflexed. 



74. Dugaldea. Leaves entire or parted, not decurrent on the stem. 



75. Helenium. Leaves entire, decurrent on the stem. 



cc. Pappus wanting. 



76. Flaveria. Heads small; the involucre of 2-5 concave carinate bracts. 



= = Receptacle with bristle-like chaff. 



77. Gaillardia. The large ligules 3-toothed or 3-cleft. 



* * Herbage with oil-glands, heavy scented; pappus a row of chaffy bristles dissected into 



many rigid bristles. 



78. Dysodia. Bracts of the involucre united at the base. 



79. Pectis. Bracts of the involucre distinct. 



Tribe VII. ANTHEMIDEAE. Distinguished from the last two tribes by the more or less 



dry and scarious-imbricated bracts of the involucre. Heads radiate (rays mostly 



white) or discoid, the perfect flowers sometimes sterile and the pistillate rarely tubular. 



Achenes small; pappus a short crown or none. Mostly strong-scented; leaves alternate. 



* Receptacle chaffy, at least in part; heads radiate, many-flowered. 



80. Anthemis. Achenes subterete, angled or ribbed. Heads hemispherical, rather large. 



81. Achillea. Receptacle flattish. Achenes obcompressed. Heads small, campanulate 



or obovoid. 



* * Receptacle naked. 

 - Heads solitary or corymbose. 

 M- Receptacle conical at least in age. 



82. Matricaria. Heads pedunculate. Rays pistillate or none. Pappus crown-like or 



none. Leaves finely dissected. 



++ *+ Receptacle flattish or moderately convex. Corollas of the perfect flowers 5-toothed. 



Achenes sessile. 



83. Chrysanthemum. Heads radiate; rays pistillate. Achenes 5-1 0-nerved; pappus none. 



84. Tanacetum. Heads discoid. Pistillate flowers few, marginal, the corollas incon- 



spicuous, 2-3-toothed. Achenes 3-5-angled; pappus none or a short crown. 

 *- - Inflorescence from spike-like to chiefly racemose-paniculate. 



85. Artemisia. Heads small, usually drooping, discoid. Pappus none. 



Tribe VIII. SENECIONEAE. Heads radiate or discoid, the involucre little or not at all 

 imbricated or scarious. Receptacle naked. Anthers tailless. Pappus capillary. 



* Heads monoecious or subdioecious, the perfect flowers mostly sterile, and the small 



(ligulate or tubular) ray-flowers in more than one row (at least in the fertile heads); 



style-branches obtuse, not appendaged or hispid; leaves chiefly radical. 

 8G. Petasites. Heads corymbed, subdioecious. Flowers white or purplish. 



87. Haploesthes. Heads few, cymose. Flowers yellow. 



* * Flowers all fertile; style-branches truncate or capitellate, often appendaged; involucral 



bracts connivent-erect. 

 t- Leaves opposite. 



88. Arnica. Heads showy. Pappus rather rigid, scabrous or barbellate. 



H- -i- Leaves alternate; flowers yellow; pappus soft-capillary, copious. 



89. Tetradymia. Heads discoid; the bracts 4-6, firm, erect, concave, and overlapping. 



90. Senecio. Heads usually radiate; the bracts several to many, and usually with 1 or 2 



rows of erect bracteoles. 



Tribe IX. CYNAREAE. Flowers all tubular and perfect. Involucre much imbricated. 

 Anthers caudate, long-appendaged at tip. Style-branches short or united, obtuse, 

 unappendaged, smooth, with often a pubescent ring below. Pappus mostly bristly. 

 Leaves alternate. 



91. Carduus. Heads many-flowered. Pappus usually plumose, more rarely merely 



roughened. 



Series B. LIGULIFLORAE 



Corolla ligulate in all the flowers of the head, and all the flowers perfect. 

 Herbs with milky juice. Leaves alternate. 



Tribe X. CICHORIEAE. Characters of the series. 



* Pappus plumose or scale-like. 

 - Flowers not yellow. 

 H- Achenes beakless. 



92. Cichorium. Involucre double. Pappus a small crown of bristle-form scales. 



