COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 491 



spherical or subglobose, 12-16 mm. broad, the numerous bracts with long, 

 slender, more or less squarrose green tips: rays numerous, long, golden- 

 yellow: achenes all turgid, those of the ray trigonous, of the disk somewhat 

 compressed and 2-edged; bristles of the pappus 3 in the ray, 2 in the disk, all 

 short, slender for the genus, glabrous. Dry hills; Colorado and New Mexico. 

 9. Grindelia scabra Greene, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 25: 120. 1898. Peren- 

 nial, crisped-pubescent or subscabrous; stems 1-several from the woody root, 

 2-4 dm. high: lowest leaves oblanceolate, petiolate; those of the branches 

 oblong, sessile by a somewhat clasping base; all sharply but not deeply 

 spinulose-serrate: hemispherical involucre of very numerous bracts, all with 

 long, linear-subulate, scarcely glutinous, suberect herbaceous tips: rays 

 golden-yellow: achenes very small, somewhat compressed-pyrif orm ; bristles 

 of pappus 2 or 3, scabrous-serrulate on the margins below. New Mexico and 

 probably in Colorado. 



8. CHRYSOPSIS Nutt. GOLDEN ASTER 



Perennial herbs, with alternate sessile leaves and large many-flowered 

 heads of both disk and radiate yellow flowers corymbose or solitary at the 

 ends of the branches. Involucre campanulate to hemispheric, the bracts 

 narrow, imbricated in several series, the outer shorter. Receptacle usually 

 flat, foveolate. Ray-flowers pistillate; disk-flowers mostly all perfect. Pap- 

 pus double in both the disk- and ray-flowers, the inner of numerous rough 

 capillary bristles, the outer of smaller or minute scales or bristles. Achenes 

 flattened, oblong-linear or obovate. Style branches narrow, somewhat flat- 

 tened, their appendages linear or subulate. 



Decidedly viscid or glandular, this character more noticeable than the 



scanty hispid or hirsute pubescence. 



Uppermost leaves scarcely reduced, ovate to oblong . . . 1. C. resinolens. 

 Uppermost leaves greatly reduced, lanceolate to linear . . 2. C. viscida. 



Scarcely viscid or glandular, this character less noticeable than the 



pubescence. 



Pubescence mostly short, hispid and more or less spreading; stems 

 ciliate-hirsute; leaves oblanceolate, petioled except the upper- 

 most. 

 Stems tufted, simple below, corymbose-paniculate at summit. 



Plant green but sometimes pale . . . . . 3. C. arida. 



Plant canescent, often densely so . . . . . 4. C. hirsutissima. 



Stems branched from the base upward . . . . 5. C. hispida. 



Pubescence appressed, at least on the leaves; 'that of the steins often 



hirsute-ciliate. 

 Leaves all narrowed to a slender petiole, except the uppermost; 



lower leaves early deciduous. 

 Pubescence short, fine and appressed; stems branched above; 



heads solitary or few . . . . . 6. C. Bakeri. 



Pubescence coarser, villous and more or less spreading. 



Stems freely branched, with numerous heads . . 7. C. villosa. 



Stems simple; heads solitary or few at the summit . 8. C. pumila. 



Leaves sessile or subsessile except the lower which are early de- 

 ciduous. 

 Stems short (3-15 cm.), depressed-spreading; leaves 1-2 cm. 



long . . . . . . . . . . 9. C. depressa. 



Stems longer (20-30 cm.), assurgent or suberect; leaves 3-7 



cm. long. 

 Heads few, sessile, subtended by foliar bracts and crowded 



into a dense terminal cluster ..... 10. C. fulcrata. 



Heads more numerous, sessile or peduncled, usually in an 



ample fastigiate corymb. 

 Plant green, often pale, more or less soft-hirsute or even 



hispid 11. C. foliosa. 



Plant canescent, often silky-villous or appressed long- 



strigose . . . . . . . . 12. C. mollis. 



1. Chrysopsis resinolens A. Nels. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28: 232. 1901. 

 Green, resin-scented; root woody, the crown bearing few to many ascending 

 or suberect stems; stems 2-^4 dm. high, very leafy, sparsely hispid-ciliate and 

 minutely glandular or resinous: leaves with minute gland-tipped hairs or 

 dotted with resinous particles, hispid-ciliate especially on the margins; the 



