510 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



like that of the disk (forma papposa Gray, PI. Fendl.), or of fewer but similar 

 bristles, or (in the northern part of its range) with most of the bristles short 

 and aristiform, and even reduced to squamellae little longer than the width 

 of the achene. T. sericea. One of the earliest flowers in our range; through- 

 out our range to the Canadian Rocky Mountains. 



lla. Townsendia exscapa Wilcoxiana (Wood) A. Nels. Leaves spatulate- 

 linear, in age tending to become glabrate : heads slightly larger. (T. Wilcoxiana 

 Wood, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 6: 163. 1875; T. intermedia Rydb. Brit. Man. 944. 

 1901.) This is the more robust form of the plains; from Oklahoma and Kan- 

 sas to Colorado. 



12. Townsendia spathulata Nutt. 1. c. Depressed and multicipital from a 

 slender perennial root, forming a tuft 3-4 cm. high: leaves crowded, spatulate, 

 densely villous-lanate ; the upper about equaling the heads: bracts of the in- 

 volucre oblong-lanceolate, acute: rays rather short, pinkish: pappus of ray 

 and disk similar and of the same length, of slender bristles. Hills and moun- 

 tains of interior Wyoming. 



13. Townsendia glabella Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 84. 1881. Perennial, 

 the caudex simple or with short slender branches, sparsely pilose-pubescent 

 when young: leaves rosulate on the crowns or crowded on the very short 

 branches, rather thick, soon glabrous, spatulate, 2-8 cm. long (including the 

 petiole): heads on naked peduncles, often surpassing the leaves; involucre 

 glabrous, the bracts oblong, acute, in about 3 series: pappus plurisetose, 

 that of the ray very short. (T. Bakeri Greene, Pitt. 4: 157. 1900.) New 

 Mexico and southern Colorado. 



14. Townsendia Rothrockii Gray, in Wheeler Rept. 6: 148. pi. 7. 1878. 

 Leaves spatulate, 15-25 mm. long, rosulate around the solitary head which is 

 closely sessile at the surface of the ground, or at length with 1 or 2 additional 

 heads and tufts from the same crown : involucre short and broad ; the bracts 

 oblong, mostly obtuse: ray-pappus of squamellate bristles not longer than 

 the breadth of the achene, or with 1 or 2 more elongated. Mountains of 

 South Park, Colorado, in the alpine district, at 13,500 feet. 



15. Townsendia dejecta A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 37: 267. 1894. Depressed- 

 acaulescent, the caudex bearing a few heads in a small rosulate tuft: leaves 

 linear-spatulate or oblanceolate, somewhat petioled, 1-2 cm. long, surpassing 

 the heads, green and apparently glabrous but strigose on both faces: heads 

 sessile, about 1 cm. high; involucral bracts in 2-3 series, oblong-ovate, mostly 

 subacute, purple or some with green centers, ciliate-margined, otherwise 

 nearly glabrous: rays white or purplish; disk-flowers numerous, the corolla 

 lobes purple: pappus similar in disk and ray-flowers: achenes brown, flattened, 

 spatulate-cuneate, about 4 mm. long, glabrous. (T. scapigera as to our range.) 

 In the mountains; Utah to western Wyoming and Montana. 



21. XYLORHIZA Nutt. 



Perennial, from deep-set woody roots surmounted by a short more or less 

 branched caudex. Stems solitary or several from the crowns, erect, leafy, 

 monocephalous or with monocephalous branches. Leaves entire or spinulose- 

 toothed, usually narrow (linear to oblanceolate), mucronulate. Heads large, 

 with conspicuous white or pinkish-red rays. Involucral bracts mostly in 

 2 series, oblong or lanceolate, carinate below, herbaceous with scarious mar- 

 gins, acute or acuminate, the inner as long as the disk, the outer but little 

 shorter. Appendages of the style lanceolate, acute. Achenes oblong, com- 

 pressed, densely silky. Pappus fulvous. Aster in part. 



Peduncles barely exceeding the leaves. 



Herbage glabrate 1. X. glabriuscula. 



Herbage softly short-villous 2. X. Parry i. 



Peduncles about as long as the leafy part of the stem .... 3. X. venusta. 



1. Xylorhiza glabriuscula Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 297. 1841. 

 Glabrate or rarely obscurely short-villous or lanate; stems leafy, 1-2 dm. 

 high, terminating in a single (sometimes 3-5) short peduncle : leaves 3-6 dm. 



