544 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



48. GYMNOLOMIA H.B.K. 



Annual or perennial caulescent herbs or shrubby plants, with pubescent 

 foliage. Leaves alternate or opposite, narrow, entire or toothed. Heads 

 radiate, rather conspicuous. Involucres hemispheric or campanulate ; bracts 

 narrow, in 2 or 3 series, the inner ones somewhat longer than the outer. Re- 

 ceptacle more or less conic, chaffy. Ray-flowers pistillate, yellow; disk- 

 flowers perfect, with yellow or brownish corollas. Stigmas of the disk-flowers 

 obtuse or with acute appendages. Achenes 4-angled, either somewhat flat- 

 tened or turgid, truncate. Pappus a denticulate crown, or wanting. 



1. Gymnolomia multiflora (Nutt.) B. & H., Rothrock in Wheeler's Rep. 

 6: 160. 1878. Perennial, 3-10 dm. high, pubescent or scabrous, sometimes 

 also hispid, often much branched: leaves narrowly linear to lanceolate, 

 either alternate or mainly opposite, entire or obscurely denticulate: rays 

 10-15, golden-yellow: disk hemispherical, in age little more elevated and 

 receptacle obtusely conical; the bracts linear, obtuse or the inner acute: achenes 

 smooth. Very polymorphous; from Arizona to Wyoming and western Texas. 



49. RUDBECKIA L. CONE-FLOWER. BLACK-EYED SUSAN 



Mostly perennial herbs with alternate leaves and rather large showy heads 

 terminating the stem or branches. Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers 

 neutral, in a single series; those of the disk tubular and perfect. Bracts of the 

 involucre foliaceous, in about 2 series, spreading. Receptacle conical or of- 

 ten more or less elongated and spiciform. Disk-corollas with a short but 

 usually manifest proper tube and erect or spreading teeth. Style-branches 

 tipped with an acute or obtuse hispid appendage. Achenes 4-angled, pris- 

 matic, in some species quadrangular-compressed. Pappus a coriaceous or 

 firm-scarious and often 4-toothed crown, sometimes deep and cupuliform, 

 sometimes obsolete. 



Rays present and conspicuous. 



Leaves entire or sparingly serrate . . . . . . . 1. R. hirta. 



Leaves deeply 3-7-cleft or -divided (at least some of them) . . 2. R. laciniata. 

 Rays wanting. 



Leaves entire or sparingly toothed . . . . . . . 3. R. occidentalis. 



Leaves pinnately parted . . . . . . . . 4. R. montana. 



1. Rudbeckia hirta L. Sp. PI. 907. 1753. Rather stout, 3-8 dm. high, 

 rough-hispid and hirsute: leaves oblong to lanceolate, sparingly serrate 

 or nearly entire, 5-12 cm. long, the lower narrowed into margined petioles: 

 rays when well developed 3-5 cm. long, golden-yellow, sometimes deeper 

 colored toward the base: disk at first nearly black, in age dull brown, becom- 

 ing ovoid in fruit: achenes small, quadrangular, wholly destitute of pappus. 

 (R. flava Moore, in Greene, Pitt. 4: 179. 1900.) In the eastern part of our 

 range and eastward to the Atlantic States. 



2. Rudbeckia laciniata L. 1. c. 906. Glabrous and smooth, sometimes 

 minutely scabrous, at least on the margins and upper face of the leaves; stem 

 1-2 m. high, branching above: leaves veiny, broad, incisely and sparsely ser- 

 rate ; the radical commonly pinnately 5-7-f oliolate or nearly so, and divisions 

 often laciniately 2-3-cleft; the lower cauline 3-5-parted, upper 3-cleft, and 

 those of the branches few-toothed or entire: rays few or several, 3-5 cm. long, 

 drooping, pure yellow: disk dull yellowish: the tip of the chaffy bracts canes- 

 cent: pappus a short 4-toothed or nearly entire crown. (R. ampla A. Nels. 

 Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28: 234. 1901.) Moist banks; Arizona to Montana 

 and eastward across the continent. 



3. Rudbeckia occidentalis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 355. 1841. 

 Nearly glabrous and smooth, or somewhat scabrous-puberulent; stems stout, 

 6-20 dm. high, nearly simple: loaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 

 entire or irregularly and sparingly dentate, 1-2 dm. long, upper ones sessile 

 by a rounded or subcordate base, lower ones abruptly contracted into a short, 



