COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 545 



winged petiole: heads few, on long peduncles: rays wholly wanting: disk 

 brownish, ovoid to oblong, becoming 3-5 cm. long; the chaffy bracts puberu- 

 lent at tip: achenes 3-4 mm. long, with conspicuous, coroniform, scarious 

 pappus. Moist shaded banks; Wyoming and Montana to the Pacific States. 

 4. Rudbeckia montana Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 217. 1882. Smoother, 

 somewhat glaucous, tall and very stout: leaves 2-3 dm. long, pinnately parted 

 into 3-9 oblong-lanceolate divisions, or the lanceolate uppermost cauline 

 with 2-4 narrow lateral lobes: disk cylindrical, at length often 6-7 cm. long 

 and in diameter: achenes with the deep coroniform pappus 6-8 mm. long. 

 Mountains of Colorado. 



60. RATIBIDA Raf. CONE-FLOWER 



Herbs, with pinnately parted leaves, and terminal, long-peduncled, showy 

 heads, the drooping rays yellow or partly brown-purple. Truncate inflexed 

 tips of the chaff pubescent. Disk yellowish, becoming darker. Achenes short 

 and broad, compressed, acutely margined or sometimes winged at one or both 

 edges, on a slender-subulate receptacle. Pappus a chaffy tooth over one or 

 both edges, or none. Chaffy bracts of the receptacle conduplicate, with 

 thickened and truncate summit, embracing and hardly surpassing the achenes, 

 at length deciduous with them. Corollas of the disk with hardly any proper 

 tube. Ligules, involucre, etc., of Rudbeckia. Lepachys. 



Disk in fruit cylindrical, 2-4 cm. long . . . . . . .1. R. columnaris. 



Disk in fruit oblong, about 1 cm. long 2. R. Tagetes. 



1. Ratibida columnaris (Sims) D. Don. in Sweet, Brit. Flow. Gard. II. pi. 

 361. 1838. Strigose-scabrous, 3-5 dm. high, branching from the base, ter- 

 minated by long peduncles bearing a showy head: divisions of the cauline 

 leaves 5-9, oblong to narrowly linear, sometimes 2-3-cleft: rays commonly 3 

 cm. long or more, normally all yellow: disk at length columnar, 2-4 cm. long: 

 pappus of 1 or sometimes 2 awn-like deciduous teeth and usually a series of 

 minute and delicate squamellae around the broad flat summit. Plains along 

 the eastern base of the mountains to Texas. 



la. Ratibida columnaris pulcherrima (DC.) D. Don. 1. c. Differs only in 

 having a part or even the whole upper face of the ray brown-purple. 



2. Ratibida Tagetes (James) Barnhart, Bull, Torr. Bot. Club 24: 410. 

 1897. Perennial, 1-4 dm. tall, gray-strigose ; stems commonly much branched: 

 leaves numerous; blades 2-6 cm. long, pinnately parted into 3-7 narrowly 

 linear thickish segments: peduncles 2-5 cm. long: disk subglobose or oval, 

 about 1 cm. long: ligules of the ray-flowers soon reflexed, 5-9 mm. long, 

 mainly brown-purple. Colorado and New Mexico to Arkansas and Texas. 



61. BALSAMORRHIZA Hook. BALSAM-ROOT 



Low, with thick, deep, and balsamic roots, a tuft of radical leaves mostly 

 on long petioles, and short, simple, few-leaved flowering stems or naked scapes 

 bearing large and mostly solitary heads of yellow flowers. Involucre broad; 

 the outer bracts foliaceous, sometimes enlarged. Receptacle flat or merely 

 convex. Achenes destitute of pappus, all fertile; those of the ray triquetrous 

 or obcompressed; those of the disk quadrangular. Chaff linear-lanceolate. 



Leaves entire or somewhat toothed 1. B. sagittata. 



Leaves not entire, laciniately dentate to bipinnatifid. 



Green, glabrous or sparingly hirsute 2. B. macrophylla. 



Canescent or lanate. . 



The sericeous pubescence appressed or spreading . . . 3. B. iooken. 



The white tomentum often floccose 4. B. incana. 



1. Balsamorrhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 350. 

 1841. Silvery-canescent or tomentose and the involucre white-woolly: rad- 



ROCKY MT. BOT. 35 



