FKEFACK 





demonstrated. In a few instances, however, it has been impossible 

 f T' >m lack of material or data either to include as valid or to reduce 

 definitely to synonymy such species and varieties, and it has accord- 

 ly seemed best not to mention them. It is not thereby meant 

 that they are not of value, but merely that evidence of their distinct- 

 ii". s has not been available. 



Botanical names, being in many instances latinized forms of 

 geographic, aboriginal, or personal designations, are not always 

 capable of easy or consistent pronunciation. From long-established 

 custom they are usually pronounced in English-speaking countries 

 acf-ording to the pronunciation of Latin after the English method, 

 exceptions being frequent in such names as Michauxiana, which is 

 commonly pronounced mesholana, or by others meshozlana, to avoid 

 the awkward pronunciation which the word would have according 

 to the English rules. The subject is one into which considerations 

 of taste, convenience, and custom enter to such an extent that it is 

 most difficult to lay down definite principles free from pedantry. 

 I 1 \vever, as a general giiide, the names in this, as in previous edi- 

 . are marked with accents, the accented syllable being deter- 

 . ied as far as possible by the well-known rules of Latin quantity. 

 1 -ases of doubtful quantity, in such names as Berlandiera, Palmeri, 

 ; "pa, etc., it has seemed best to treat the penultimate vowel as 

 lon<j, according to the usage of most British and Continental writers, 

 accents are used, the grave ( v ) to indicate the long English 

 sound of the vowel, the acute (') to show the shortened or other- 

 wise modified sound. For aid in determining the accented syllable, 

 the editors are in several instances indebted to Dr. A. S. PEASE. 



t consideration of recent differences in nomenclatorial practice, 

 an 1 with a wish to make the Manual as convenient as possible fri- 

 ers, synonyms have been inserted freely to show the equiva- 

 of different names, especially of those permitted by the 

 Ho hester and American Codes but not sanctioned by the Interna- 

 tional Rules. It has been necessary to make these citations exceed- 

 brief, the specific name, when the same, being omitted; e.g. 

 under Ranunculus Cymbalaria Pursh, the synonym Oxygraphis Prantl 

 means that the species has been treated by Prantl under the identi- 

 cal pecific name (Cymbalaria) in Oxygraphis, a genus not maintained 

 in the present work. 



B. L. R. 

 M. L. F. 



