CYPERACEAE (SEDGE FAMILY) 



193 



rays ; scales all pubescent, the awns soon recurved and many times exceeding 

 the cleft ti/i ; nrhene broadly to narrowly obovoid, compressed, flat on on*, side, 

 convex or obtuse-angled on the other, short-pointed, shining ; the bristles unequal 

 and deciduous or obsolete. (S. maritimus, in part, Am. authors.) Hrackish 

 or salt marshes, Mass, to Fla. and Tex. July-Sept. FIG. 294. 



22. S. campSstris Britton. Culms 0.3-1 m. high, usually exceeding the stiff 

 pale leaves (3-9 mm. broad); involucral leaves 2 (or 3), the longer 1-2 dm. long ; 

 xjiikt'h'ts trhitixh-brown, ovoid to cylindric, 1-2 cm. long. 0-10 mm. thick, 2- 

 1 1 in a dense glomerule, occasionally a few in a secondary glomerule ; scales 

 puberulent, or the outermost glabrous except at tip, 



the slightly curved awn twice or thrice exceeding the 

 cleft tip. (S. maritimus, in part, of authors.) 

 1'rairies, etc., Man. and Minn., westw. and southw. 

 Var. PALUDOSUS (A. Nelson) Fernald. Similar, but 

 with the scales drab to castaneous. (S. paludosus 

 A. Nelson.) Alkaline situations inland, and in salt 

 marshes, Gulf of St. Lawrence to N. J. July-Sept. 

 FIG. 295. Var. NOVAK-ANGLIAE (Britton) Fernald. 

 Usually taller (1-2 m. high); the involucral leaves 

 3 to 5, the longest 2-3.5 dm. long; the looser inflo- 

 rescence icith 3 to 9 curved rays (2-10 cm. long) ; m s cam v , ud 

 spikelets dark brown, cylindric, 2-5 cm. long. (S. 



novae-angliae Britton.) Mass, to s. N. Y. ; also w. N. Y. Passing to Var. 

 FERN AUDI (Bicknell) Bartlett. Spikelets short-ovoid, 1-2 cm. long, on mostly 

 elongate rays. (S. Fernaldi Bicknell.) Me. to Mass. 



23. S. rubrotinctus Fernald. Culm rather stout, 4-9 dm. high; leaves 



broadly linear, the upper equaling or slightly exceed- 

 ing the inflorescence, the sheaths mostly red-tinged at 

 base, the blades smooth, 4-13 mm. broad ; involucral 

 leaves mostly 3, the longest equaling or exceeding the 

 inflorescence ; rays numerous, the 3-5 longest ones 

 0.5-1.5 dm. long, stiff, ascending, subequal, the many 

 shorter ascending and divergent ; spikelets 4-9 mm. 

 long, ovoid to cylindric, in glomerules of from 3 to 

 many ; scales ovate, blunt, or the terminal mucronate, 

 finely suffused with green and black; stamens2. (S. 

 sylvaticus, var. digynus Man. ed. 6, not Boeckl. ) 

 Damp open soil, Nfd. to Assina., s. to Ct., N. Y., 

 Great Lakes, etc. Fr. July, early Aug. FIG. 296. 



Var. CONFERTOS Fernald. Glomerutes compacted into dense clusters 1.5-4 cm. 



across. Xfd. to Me., local. 



24. S. sylvaticus L. Similar ; tall and coarse, 0.5-2 m. high ; upper sheaths 

 mostly green, leaf-blades icith scabrous margins, 



1-2 cm. broad ; rays very numerous, mostly ascend- 

 ing l>ut flexuous, the 1-4 longest 0.5-4 dm. long; 

 spikelets 3-5 mm. long, ovoid, in glomerules of 

 from 2-8 ; stamens 3. By brooks and in wet 

 swamps, s. Me. to Fla., and Mich. Fr. Aug. 

 (Eurasia.) FIG. 297. 



Var. BissSllii Fernald. Spikelets cylindric, 6-14 

 mm. long, mostly 5-20 in a glomerule. Local, 

 Ct. and N. Y. An anomalous plant, combining 

 characteristics of 8. sylvaticus and S. rubrotinctus ; 

 fruiting earlier than the former, later than the 

 J alter. 



2"). S. atr6virens Muhl. Rather stout, 0.8-1.5 m. 

 high ; leaves pale green, with scabrous margins. 

 7-15 ram. wide, at least the lower nodulose-reticu 

 litf. the ribs 0.25-0.3 mm. apart ; spikelets dull 

 greenish-brown or rufescent, narrowly ovoid to 297. S. sylvaticus. 



GRAY'S MANUAL 13 



296. S. rubrotinctus. 



