198 



CYPERACEAE (SEDGE FAMILY) 



4*1 3. F. simplex Vahl. Perennial, 1-8 dm. high ; leaf-sheaths 



v w r hairy; perianth-scales ovate-oblong, the retrorsely barbed aicns 



arising from below the tip, bristles equaling or exceeding the 



ws. F. simplex, white achene. Sandy or saline soil, Mo. and Kan. to Mex. 



Fruit x 2%. Aug. -Oct. FlG. 808. 



309. H. micrantha. 



Plant x %. Spikelet x 2%. 



Aehene x 10. 



12. HEMICARPHA Nees & Am. 



Spikelet, flowers, etc., as in Scirpus, except that 

 there is a minute translucent scale (readily overlooked) 

 between the flower and the axis of the spikelet. Sta- 

 men only 1. Style 2-cleft. Bristles or other perianth 

 none. (Name from i)fu-, half, and *c<ip<os, straw or 

 chaff, in allusion to the single inner 

 scalelet.) 



1. H. micrantha (Vahl) Britton. 

 Dwarf or minute annual (0.2-15 dm. 

 high); involucre 1-leaved, as if a 

 continuation of the bristle-like culm, 

 and usually with another minute 



leaf; spikelets, 1-3, short-cylindric or ovoid (2-4 mm. long) ; 

 scales oblong or narrowly obovate, brown, tipped with a short 

 recurved point ; achenes cylindric, brown, slightly reticulated, 

 with many close rows of crowded low papillae, (H. sub* 

 squarrosa Nees.) Sandy borders of ponds 

 and rivers. X. H. to Fla., w. to the Pacific ; 

 chiefly on the coastal plain and in the flat 

 country of the interior. Aug. -Oct. (Mex., 

 S. A.) FIG. 309. 



2. H. Drumm6ndi Nees. Similar ; scales broadly obovate 

 or rhombic, the broad green midrib barely projecting as a blunt 

 oppressed tip ; achenes narrowly obovoid, ashy, scarcely reticu- 

 lated, the papillae fewer and somewhat remote. Damp sand, 

 etc., w. Out., Ind., and 111. to Ark., Kan., and Tex. July- 

 Oct. FIG. 310. 



3. H. occidentalis Gray. Spikelets globose, the wide-spread- 

 ing lanceolate or narrowly ovate scales tapering to slender re- 

 curved awns (as long as the blades} ; achenes as in the latter. 

 Damp sand, w. Ont. ; Wash, to Cal. July-Oct. FIG. 311. 



310. H. Drummondi. 

 Spikelet x 2%. 

 Achene x 10. 



311. H. occidentalis. 

 Spikelets x 



Achene x 10. 



18. LIPOCARPHA R. Br. 



Spikelets terete, many-flowered, in a terminal close cluster 

 involucrate by leafy bracts. Scales spatulate, regularly im- 

 bricated in many ranks, awnless, deciduous, a few of the 

 lowest empty. Inner scales (bractlets) 2 to each flower, thin, 

 one between the scale of the spikelet and the flower, one 

 between the latter and the axis of the spikelet. Stamens 1 

 or 2. Style 2-3-cleft. Achene flattish or triangular, naked 

 at the tip. Culms leafy at base. (Name formed of Xhros, 

 fat, and /cdp^os. chaff, from the thickness of the inner scales 

 of some species.) 



1. L. maculata (Michx.) Torr. Annual ; culm (0.6-2.6 

 dm. high) much longer than the linear concave leaves; 

 spikelets (3-7 mm. long) green and dark-spotted ; inner 

 scales delicate ; stamen 1 ; achene oblong with a contracted 



base. Springy or miry places, Va. to Fla. ; near Philadelphia, probably adv 



July-Oct FIG. 312. 



ol-'. L. maculata. 



