230 CYPERACEAE (SEDGE FAMILY) 



pale, few-nerved or nerveless, the beak very short and entire, or nearly so ; scale 

 whitish or brown, produced into a pale rough awn 3-8 times as long as the peri- 

 gynium. Brackish or saline shores, Lab. to Mass. June-Aug. (Eu.) FIG. 419. 



64. C. salina Wahlenb., var. cuspidata Wahlenb. Rather stout, 3-9 dm. 

 high ; culm rather sharp, smooth ; leaves narrow (2-5 mm. wide) but flat ; pistillate 

 spikes 2-4, somewhat approximate, erect, 2-7 cm. long and rather thick, the 

 lower subtended by leaf-like bracts ; staminate spikes 1-3 ; perigynium elliptic, 

 somewhat granular, marked with 2 or 3 nerves, or nerveless, the minute beak 

 entire ; scale brown-margined, mostly produced into a lighter and rough awn 

 much exceeding the perigynium. Salt marshes, Lab. to Mass. Apparently 

 hybridizes with C. stricta. July, Aug. (Eu.) 



65. C. crinita Lam. Robust and mostly stout, 0.3-1.6 m. high ; culm sharp and 

 rough or sometimes smooth ; leaves 4-10 mm. broad, flat, more or less rough 

 on the nerves and margins, the lower short and at the base of the culm re- 

 duced to smooth fibrillose sheaths; pistillate spikes 3-6, somewhat scattered, all 

 variously peduncled, mostly secund, 3.5-10 cm. long, narrowly and evenly cylin- 

 dric, often staminate at tip ; staminate spikes usually 2, rarely pistillate" at tip ; 

 perigynia suborbicular to ovate, 2-3 mm. long, thin- and inflated, becoming 

 wrinkled in drying, nerveless, puncticulate or granular, with a minute entire 

 beak ; scales greenish-brown and rough-owned, 2-3 times as long as the peri- 

 gynia. Swales and damp thickets, generally common. Hybridizes with C. torta 

 and C. scabrata. June-Aug. 



Var. minor Boott. Much smaller in all parts ; 4-6 dm. high ; leaves 4-5 mm. 

 wide ; spikes 1-3.5 cm. long, ascending ; perigynia 2 mm. long ; scales less 

 prominent. Me. to N. Y., scarce. 



Var. PortSri (Olney) Fernald. Like small C. crinita, but spikes very slen- 

 der ; perigynia compact, not inflated, oblong-lanceolate, distinctly beaked ; scales 

 lance-attenuate. (C. gynandra, var. Portert Britton.) Moosehead Lake, Me. 

 (Porter). 



Var. gynandra (Schwein.) Schwein. & Torr. Harsher; leaves broad (4-12 

 mm.), the sheaths hispidulous ; culms tall; staminate spikes 1 or 2, generally 

 pistillate above ; pistillate spikes soft, loosely flowered, drooping, 2.6-10 cm. 

 long; perigynia ascending, elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, subin- 

 flated. (C. gynandra Schwein.) Nfd. to Wise., and in the mts. to Ga. 



Var. simulans Fernald. Harsh as invar, gynandra; low ; leaves 4-6 mm. broad ; 

 spikes suberect, the terminal androgynous, 1-3.5 cm. long, scarcely drooping ; 

 perigynia 3 mm. long. Nfd. to Vt. and Mass., chiefly in the ints. 



66. C. aquatilis Wahlenb. Glaucous, 3-9 dm. high ; culm very obtuse and 

 smooth ; leaves exceedingly long, 4-7 mm. broad, the bracts broad and pro- 

 longed far beyond the culm ; pistillate spikes 3-5, 1.5-5.5 cm. long, very com- 

 pact or the lowest sometimes attenuate below, erect ; perigynia round-ovate or 

 broadly elliptic, nerveless, greenish, imbricated ; scales dark, shorter than or 

 equaling the perigynia. Swamps and lake margins, Que. to B. C., s. to the 

 Potomac R., w. N. Y., Ind., etc. June-Aug. (Eurasia.) 



Var. elatior Bab. Robust, 0.9-1.5 m. high ; leaves 5-8 mm. broad; pistillate 

 spikes stout and heavy, 3.5-8 cm. long. Me. to Man., s. to N. Y., O., and Mich. 



Var. cuspidata Laestad. Spikes slender, 3-4 mm. thick ; scales cuspidate, 

 exceeding the perigynia. Local, Que. to N. J. 



Var. virSscens Anders. Scales pale and short, hidden by the crowded peri- 

 gynia. Local, Vt. to Ont and Mich. 



67. C. rlgida Good. Somewhat stoloniferous, low (0.5-4.5 dm. high); leaves 

 shorter than the mostly smooth culms, rather crowded at base, smooth, dark 

 green, firm, broad (3-7 mm.), becoming revolute in drying ; pistillate spiki-s 

 1-5, subglobose to short-cylindric, dense, 0.5-2.5 cm. long, 4-6 mm. thick, the 

 lowest bractless or leafy-bracted ; staminate spike 1 (rarely 2), sometimes pistil- 

 late at base ; perigynia elliptic, greenish or purplish ; scales elliptic, broirn to 

 purple-black. Arctic regions, south to rats, of Que., Rocky Mts., etc. July, 

 Aug. (Eurasia.) Passing to the formal Var. BIGELOWII (Torr.) Tuckerm., 

 with pistillate spikes elongate (1.5-4 cm. long, 2.5-5 mm. thick), the lower 

 attenuate at base, Extending s. to rats, of n. N. E. and N. Y. (Eu.) 



