LILIACEAB (LILY FAMILY) 283 



or oblanceolate evergreen flat leaves, from a tuberous rootstock, producing in 

 early spring a stout hollow sparsely bracteate scape (3-tf din. high), sheathed with 

 broad bracts at the base, and terminated by a simple and short dense raceme. 

 Bracts obsolete ; pedicels shorter than the flowers. (Name probably from *\oi, 

 a swamp, the place of growth.) 



1. H. bullata L. Wet places, a. N. Y., and e. Pa. to Va., rare and local. 



4. CHAMAELfRIUM Willd. DEVIL'S BIT 



Perianth of 6 spatulate-linear (white) spreading 1-nerved sepals, withering- 

 presistent. Filaments and (white) anthers, as in Helonias; fertile flowers 

 with rudimentary stamens. Styles linear-club-shaped, stigmatic along the inner 

 side. Capsule ellipsoid, not lobed, of a thin texture, loculicidally 3-valved 

 from the apex. Seeds linear-oblong. Smooth herb, with a wand-like stem 

 from a (bitter) thick and abrupt tuberous rootstock, terminated by a wand- 

 like spiked raceme (1-3 dm. long) of small bractless flowers ; fertile plant more 

 leafy than the staminate. Leaves flat, lanceolate, the lowest spatulate, tapering 

 into a petiole. (Name formed of x^^t on the ground, and \elpiov, lily, the 

 genus having been founded on a dwarf undeveloped specimen.) 



1. C. luteum (L.) Gray. (BLAZING STAR.) Stem 3-12 dm. high ; fruiting 

 pedicels 1-5 mm. long; capsule 7-10 mm. long. (C. carolinianum Willd.) 

 Low grounds, w. Mass, to Fla., w. to Mich., Neb., and Ark. June. 



2. C. obovale Small. Similar ; flowers larger ; fruiting pedicels about equal- 

 ing the larger (12-14 mm. long) capsules. Woods, N. Y., N. J.; and in the 

 mts. from W. Va. to N. C. and Ala. Species not seen. 



5. TOFIELDIA Huds. FALSE ASPHODEL 



Perianth more or less spreading, persistent ; the sepals (white or greenish) 

 concave, oblong or obovate, without claws, 3-nerved. Filaments awl-shaped ; 

 anthers short, innate or somewhat introrse, 2-celled. Styles awl-shaped ; stig- 

 mas terminal. Seeds oblong, horizontal. Slender perennials, mostly tufted, 

 with short or creeping rhizomes, and simple stems leafy only at the base, bearing 

 small flowers in a close raceme or spike. Leaves 2-ranked, equitant, linear, grass- 

 like. (Named for Mr. Tofield, an obscure English botanist of the 18th century.) 



* Glabrous; pedicels solitary, in a short raceme or head; seeds not appendaged. 



1. T. palustris Huds. Scape leafless or nearly so (6-19 cm. high), slender, 

 bearing a globular or subcylindric head or short raceme of whitish flowers ; leaves 

 tufted, 2-4 cm. long. Gaspe" Co., Que., to Minn., and north w. (Greenl., Eu.) 



* * Stem and inflorescence pubescent ; pedicels fascicled in threes; seeds caudate. 



2. T. glutinbsa (Michx.) Pers. Stem (1.5-4.5 dm. high) and pedicels very 

 glutinous with dark glands ; leaves broadly linear, short ; perianth not becom- 

 ing rigid ; capsule thin ; seeds with a contorted tail at each end. Moist grounds, 

 Nfd. to centr. Me., 111., Minn., north w. and westw. ; also s. in the Alleghenies. 

 June, July. 



3. T. racembsa (Walt.) BSP. Stem (3-9 dm. high) and pedicels roughened 

 vnth minute glands; leaves longer and narrower ; perianth rigid about the firm 

 capsule : seeds with a short white appendage at each end. (T.pubens Michx.) 

 Pine-barrens, N. J. to Fla. and Ala. July. 



6. AMlANTHIUM Gray. FLY POISON 



Perianth widely spreading ; the free white segments oval or obovate, without 

 claws or glands, persistent. Filaments capillary. Anthers, capsules, etc., nearly 

 as in Melanthium. Styles thread-like. Seeds 1-4 in each cell. Glabrous, with 

 simple steins from a bulbous base or coated bulb, scape-like, few-leaved, termi- 

 nated by a simple dense raceme of handsome flowers, turning greenish with age. 

 (From dfj.la.vros, unspotted, and S.v6os, flower ; a name formed with more regard 

 to euphony than to good construction, alluding to the glandless perianth.) 



