400 RANTJNCULACEAE (CROWFOOT FAMILY) 



*--!--- Achenes sessile or subsessile, thin-walled, the ribs often connected by 

 transverse reticulations ; leaves 3-4-ternate. 



++ Filaments capillary, soon drooping; petioles of the stem-leaves well devel- 

 oped; vernal. 



6. T. diofcum L. (EARLY M.) Smooth and pale or glaucous, 3-6 dm. high ; 

 leaves (2-3) all with general petioles ; leaflets thin, light green, drooping, sub- 

 orbicular, 3-7-lobed ; flowers dioecious ; sepals purplish or greenish white. 

 Rocky woods, etc., centr. Me., westw. and southw., common. Apr., May. 



*+ ++ Filaments capillary or slightly club-shaped, soon drooping ; petioles of the 

 stem-leaves short or none ; aestival. 



6. T. dasycarpum Fisch. & Lall. Stem 6-12 dm. high, usually purplish ; 

 leaflets shortly oblong, mostly 3-toothed, more or less veiny, pale and usually 

 covered with a fine non-glandular pubescence beneath ; flowers dioecious ; se- 

 pals and capillary filaments commonly purplish white. ( T. purpurascens Man. 

 ed. 6, in part. ) Alluvial soil, N. J. to the Saskatchewan, and south westw. 



7. T. revolutum DC. Habit and flowers much as in the preceding ; leaflets 

 thicker, under a lens finely glandular-puberulent, the glands or waxy globules 

 sessile or shortly stipitate. ( T. purpurascens Man. ed. 6, in part, including 

 var. ceriferum Aust.) Rocky upland woods, etc., also on river banks, e. 

 Mass, to N. J., s. w. Ont., s. Ind., and N. C. Emitting a heavy odor. 



H. ++ *+ Filaments club-shaped, ascending or spreading until after anthesis. 



8. T. polygamum Muhl. (TALL M.) Glabrous or pubescent but not glan- 

 dular, 0.5-2.6 m. high; stem-leaves sessile; leaflets rather firm, roundish to 

 oblong, commonly with mucronate lobes or tips, sometimes puberulent beneath ; 

 panicles very compound; flowers white (rarely purplish), the fertile ones with 

 some stamens ; anthers not drooping, small, oblong, blunt, the mostly white 

 filaments decidedly thickened upwards; achenes glabrous. (T. Cornuti Man. 

 ed. 5, not L.) Wet meadows and along rivulets, Nfd. to O. and southw., com- 

 mon. July-Sept. Var. HEBECARPUM Fernald. Leaflets usually pubescent 

 beneath ; achenes pubescent. Nfd. to s. Ont. and N. H. 



6. ANEMONELLA Spach. 



Involucre compound, at the base of an umbel of flowers. Sepals 5-10, white 

 and conspicuous. Petals none. Achenes 4-15, ovoid, terete, strongly 8-10- 

 ribbed, sessile. Stigma terminal, broad and depressed. Low glabrous peren- 

 nial ; leaves all radical, compound. (Name a diminutive of Anemone, to which 

 this plant has sometimes been referred.) 



1. A. thalictroides (L.) Spach. (RUE ANEMONE.) Stem and slender peti- 

 ole of radical leaf (1-3 dm. high) rising from a cluster of thickened tuberous 

 roots ; leaves 2-3-ternately compound ; leaflets roundish, somewhat 3-lobed at 

 the end, cordate at the base, long-petiolulate, those of the 2-3-leaved 1-2-ternate 

 involucre similar ; flowers several in an umbel ; sepals oval (1.2 cm. long, some- 

 times pinkish), not early deciduous. (St/ndesmon Hoffmannsegg. ; Thalictruni 

 anemonoides Michx.) Woods, common, s. N. H. to Minn., Kan., Tenn., and 

 n. w. Fla. Rarely the sepals, stamens or involucre are variously modified. 



7. HEPATICA [Rupp.] Hill. LIVERLEAF. HEPATIOA 



Leaves heart-shaped and 3-lobed, thickish and persistent through the winter, 

 the new ones appearing later than the flowers, which are single, on hairy scapes. 

 (Name from a fancied resemblance to the liver in the shape of the leaves.) 



1. H. triloba Chaix. Leaves with 3 ovate obtuse or rounded lobes ; those 

 of the involucre also obtuse ; sepals 6-12, blue, purplish, or nearly white ; achcnes 

 several, in a small loose head, ovate-oblong, pointed, hairy. (H. Hepatica 

 Karst.) Woods, common from N. S. to Fla., Mo., and Minn.; more abundant 

 eastw. (Alaska, Eu. ) 



