418 CRUCIFERAE (MUSTARD FAMILY^ 



* Stem strict ; flowers purplish or rose-color with yellow tips. 



1. C. semp^rvirens (L.) Pers. (PALE C.) Plant 1-6 dm. high.; racemes 

 panicled ; spur of the corolla very short and rounded ; pods erect, slender, 

 elongated. (C. glauca Pursh ; Capnoides Borkh.) Rocky places and recent 

 clearings, e. Que. to Alaska, s. to Ga., Ky., Minn., and Mont. May-Aug. 



* * Low, ascending ; flowers yellow. 

 i- Outer petals wing-crested on the back. 



2. C. flavula (Raf.) DC. Pedicels slender, conspicuously bracted ; corolla 

 pale yellow, (5-8 mm. long, spur very short ; tips of the outer petals pointed, 

 longer than the inner; crest 3-4-toothed; pods torulose, pendulous or spread- 

 ing; seeds acutely margined, rugose-reticulated ; arils loose. (Capnodes Ktze.) 



N. Y. to Minn., Kan. (according to Britton), and southw. 



3. C. micrantha (Engelm.) Gray. Pedicels short and bracts small; co- 

 rolla pale yellow, 8 mm. long, with short spur and entire crest, or flowers often 

 cleistogamous and much smaller, without spur or crest ; pods ascending, toru- 

 lose ; seeds obtuse-margined, smooth and shining. (Capnoides Britton.) Va. 

 to Minn., Kan. (Shear, Hitchcock), and southw. 



4. C. crystallina Engelm. Pedicels short, erect ; corolla bright yellow, 1.7 

 cm. long, the spur nearly as long as the body ; crest very broad, usually toothed ; 

 pods terete, erect, densely covered with transparent vesicles ; seeds acutely mar- 

 gined, tuberculate. (Capnodes Ktze.) Prairies and fields, s. w. Mo., Kan. 

 and Ark. 



- -t- Outer petals merely carinate on the back, not crested. 



5. C. aurea Willd. (GOLDEN C. ) Corolla golden-yellow, 1.2 cm. long, the 

 slightly decurved spur about half as long, shorter than the pedicel ; pods spread- 

 ing or pendulous, becoming torulose ; seeds obtuse-margined. ( Capnodes Ktze.) 



Rocky (calcareous) banks and recent clearings, e. Que. to Mackenzie, s. to 

 Vt., Pa., Wise., and Mo. ; also in the Rocky Mts. to Ariz. 



Var. occidentalis Engelm. Flowers rather larger, the spur nearly as long 

 as the body ; pods less torulose, on short pedicels ; seeds aeutish on the margin. 

 (Capnoides montanum and ? C. campestre Britton.) Rocky barrens and 

 prairies, Mo., westw. and southw. 



4. FUMARIA [Tourn.] L. FUMITORY 



Corolla 1-spurred at the base. Style deciduous. Fruit indehiscent, small, 

 globular, 1-seeded. Seeds crestless. Branched and leafy-stemmed annuals, 

 with finely dissected compound leaves, and small flowers in dense racemes or 

 spikes. (Name from fumus, smoke, presumably from the nitrous odor of the 

 roots when first pulled from the ground.) 



F. OFFICINALIS L. (COMMON F.) Sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, sharply 

 toothed, narrower and shorter than the corolla (which is flesh-color tipped with 

 crimson); fruit slightly notched. Waste places, about dwellings. (Adv. from 

 Eu.) 



CRUCfFERAE (MUSTARD FAMILY) 



Herbs, with a pungent watery juice and cruciform tetradynamous regular 

 flowers ; fruit a silique or silicle. Sepals 4, deciduous. Petals 4, hypogynous, 

 their spreading limbs forming a cross. Stamens 6, two of them inserted lower 

 down and shorter (rarely only 4 or 2). Pod usually 2-celled by a thin partition 

 stretched between the two marginal placentae, from which when ripe the valves 

 separate, either much longer than broad (a silique), or short (a silicle), some- 

 times indehiscent and nut-like, or separating across into 1-seeded joints. Seeds 

 campylotropous, without albumen, filled by the large embryo, which is curved 

 or folded in various ways : i.e. the cotyledons accumbent, viz., their margins on 



