562 RHAMNACEAE (BUCKTHORN FAMILY) 



2. FRANGULA S. F. Gray. Flowers perfect ; nutlets and seeds not furrowed ; 

 cotyledons flat, thick; rhaphe lateral. 



4. R. caroliniana Walt. Thornless shrub or small tree ; leaves 7-13 cm. 

 long, oblong, obscurely serrulate, nearly glabrous, deciduous ; flowers 5-merous, 

 in one form solitary in the axils, in another in short-peduncled umbels ; drupe 

 globose, 3-seeded. Swamps and river-banks, rarely on dry rocky hills, N. J. to 

 Kan., and south w. June. 



5. R. FRANGULA L., with sessile umbels, is established in Ont., on L. L, and 

 in n. N. J. (Introd. from Eu.) 



3. CEAN6THTJS L. RED-ROOT 



Calyx 6-lobed, incurved ; the lower part cohering with the thick disk to the 

 ovary, the upper separating across in fruit. Petals hooded, spreading, on slender 

 claws longer than the calyx. Filaments elongated. Fruit 3-lobed, dry and split- 

 ting into its 3 carpels when ripe. Shrubby plants ; flowers in little umbel-like 

 clusters, forming dense panicles or corymbs at the summit of naked flower- 

 branches ; calyx and pedicels colored like the petals. (An obscure name used 

 by Theophrastus, probably misspelled.) 



1. C. americanus ~L. 9 (NEW JERSEY TEA.) Leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 

 2.4-5.5 cm. broad, acutish to acuminate, 3-ribbed, sen-ate, more or less pubes- 

 cent, often slightly heart-shaped at base ; common peduncles elongated. Dry 

 woodlands and gravelly shores, centr. Me. to w. Ont., and southw. July. 

 Stems 3-9 dm. high from a dark red root ; branches downy. Flowers in pretty 

 white clusters, on leafy shoots of the same year. The leaves were used for tea 

 during the American Revolution. 



2. C. ovatus Desf. Leaves narrowly oval or elliptical-lanceolate, 7-22 (-26) 

 mm. broad, obtuse or rounded at the apex, finely glandular-serrate, glabrous or 

 nearly so, as well as the short common peduncles. Dry rocky or sandy soil, 

 w. Vt. and e. Mass, to Man., Minn., 111., and southwestw. ; rare eastw. May. 

 Var. PUBESCENS T. & G. has leaves permanently sordid-tomentose. la. and 

 southwestw. 



VIT.ACEAE (ViNK FAMILY) 



Shrubs with watery acid juice, usually climbing by tendrils, with small regular 

 greenish commonly polygamous flowers, a minute or truncated calyx, its limb 

 mostly obsolete, and the stamens as many as the valvate petals and opposite 

 them I Berry 2-celled, usually ^-seeded. Petals 4-5, very deciduous, hypogy- 

 nous or perigynous. Filaments slender ; anthers introrse. Style short or none ; 

 stigma slightly 2-lobed ; ovary 2-celled, with 2 erect anatropous ovules from the 

 base of each cell. Seeds bony, with a minute embryo at the base of the hard 

 albumen. Stipules deciduous. Leaves alternate, palmately veined or com- 

 pound ; tendrils and flower-clusters opposite the leaves. 



* Ko distinct hypogynous disk ; some or all the tendril-branches with dilated adhesive tips. 



1. Psedera. Corolla expanding. Leaves digitste. 



* * Ovary surrounded by a nectariferous or glanduliferous disk ; tendrils coiling, naked-tipped. 



2. Cissus. Corolla expanding. Disk cupular. Berry with scanty pulp, inedible. Leaves 

 simple or pinnately compound. 



3. Vitis. Corolla caducous without expanding. Hypogynous glands 5, alternate with the 

 stamens. Fruit pulpy. Leaves simple. 



1. PSEDERA Neck. VIRGINIA CREEPER. WOODBINE 



Calyx slightly 5-toothed. Petals concave, thick, expanding before they fall. 

 Disk none. Woody climbers, with digitate leaves ; leaflets 5 (3-7) , oblong- 



