GENTIANACEAE (GENTIAN FAMILY) 659 



oblong or lanceolate lobes (5-15 mm. long) shorter than or exceeding the calyx- 

 lobes. (Including P. carinthiaca, var. pusilla Gray. ) Brackish shores and 

 marshes, e. Que., Nfd., Lab., and northw. ; Rocky Mts. Pursh's report of 

 the plant from the White Mts. , N. H., was probably erroneous. Aug., Sept. 

 (Greenl., n. Eurasia.) 



6. FRASERA Walt. AMERICAN COLUMBO 



Calyx deeply 4-parted. Filaments awl-shaped, usually monadelphous at 

 base ; anthers oblong, versatile. Style persistent ; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 

 oval, flattened, 4-14-seeded. Seeds large and flat, wing-margined. Tall and 

 showy herbs, with thick root, upright mostly simple stems, whorled leaves, and 

 numerous peduncled flowers in open cymes, disposed in an ample elongated 

 panicle. (Named for John Fraser, an 18th century collector.) 



1. F. carolininsis Walt. Smooth biennial or triennial, 1-2.5 m. high ; leaves 

 mostly in fours, lance-oblong, the lowest spatulate, veiny ; panicle pyramidal, 

 loosely flowered ; corolla 2-3 cm. broad, light greenish-yellow, marked with 

 small brown-purple dots, its divisions oblong, niucronate, longer than the nar- 

 rowly lanceolate calyx-lobes, each with a large round gland below the middle ; 

 capsule much flattened parallel with the flat valves. Rich dry soil, N. Y. and 

 Ont. to Wise., and southw. May, June. 



6. HALENIA Borkh. SPURRED GENTIAN 



Calyx 4-5 parted. Corolla without folds or fringe, usually prolonged at the 

 base underneath the erect lobes into spurs, which are glandular in the bottom. 

 Stigmas 2, sessile, persistent on the oblong flattish capsule. Seeds rather 

 numerous, oblong. Small and upright herbs, with yellowish or purplish 

 panicled-cymose flowers. (Named for Johann Halen, a German botanist.) 

 TETRAGONANTHUS Gmel. 



1. H. defl6xa (Sm.) Griseb. Leafy annual or biennial, 1-9 dm. high, sim- 

 ple or branched above ; leaves 3-5-nerved, the lowest oblong-spatulate and 

 petioled, the others oblong-lanceolate to ovate, acuminate, the nodes mostly 

 remote ; spurs cylindrical, obtuse, curved, descending, half the length of the 

 acutely 4-lobed corolla. (Tetragonanthus Ktze.) Damp and cool woods, Nfd. 

 and Lab. to Sask'., s. to centr. Me., w. Mass., centr. N. Y., Mich., and Minn. 

 July-Sept. Var. HETERANTHA (Griseb.) Fernald. Lower or sometimes all the 

 flowers without spurs. Nfd. and Lab. to Me. and Mich. 

 / 



7. BART6NIA Muhl. 



Stamens short. Capsule oblong, flattened, pointed with a large persistent at 

 length 2-lobed stigma. Seeds minute, innumerable, covering the whole inner 

 surface of the pod. Small annuals or biennials with thread-like stems, and 

 little awl-shaped scales in place of leaves. Flowers small, peduncled. (Dedi- 

 cated to Prof. Benjamin Smith Barton, of Philadelphia.) 



* Corolla-lobes oblong to spatulate, obtuse, usually denticulate. 



t- Flowers 7-9 mm. long ; corolla-lobes spatulate, more than twice as long as 



the calyx-lobes. 



1. B. v6rna (Michx.) Muhl. Stem 1-few-flowered, 4-26 cm. high, nearly 

 naked ; leaf-scales inconspicuous, remote, mostly opposite or nearly so ; corolla- 

 lobes narrowly spatulate to spatulate-obovate, obtuse, denticulate or subentire, 

 2-3 times as long as the calyx-lobes. Bogs near the coast, s. Va. to Fla. and 

 La. Mar.-May. 



- -i- Flowers 3-4 mm. long ; corolla-lobes one third to one half longer than the 

 calyx-lobes or rarely twice their length. 



2. B. virgmica (L.) BSP. Stems yellowish, 5-30 cm. high, erect and straight 

 or irregularly flexuous, mostly sharp-angled, simple or forked at the hard sub- 



