748 RUBIACEAE (MADDER FAMILY) 



f. Flowers bright white, numerous, in a compact panicle ; 



leaves linear-lanceolate 18. G. boreal*. 



e. Leaves mostly in 6's or 8's ; flowers white, numerous, in leafy 



panicles. 



Leaves firm, linear or oblanceolate. rarely 2 cm. long. 



Flowering branches and pedicels strongly divaricate . 14. G . Jfollugo. 

 Flowering branches and pedicels mostly ascending . . 15. G. erectum. 

 Leaves thin, lanceolate, mostly 3-5 cm. long . . .16. G. sylvaticum 

 d. Matted, reclining, or ascending plants, usually with more or less 



retrorsely scabrous stems or leaves A. 

 A. Fruit smooth or merely granulate-roughened *. 

 . Leaves obtuse. 



Flowers several in a small dichotomous cyme ; the pedi- 

 cels horizontally spreading 17. G. paltutre. 



Flowers solitary or in mostly simple cymes of 2-5 flowers. 



Corollas greenish-white, s'mall (1.5 mm. or less broad), 



commonly with 3 obtuse lobes ; stems retrorse- 



scabrous. 



Flowers mostlv solitary, on capillary arcuate scabrous 



pedicels ." 18. O. trifidum. 



Flowers in 2's and 8's ; pedicels straight, smooth . 19. G- Ctaytoni. 

 Corollas white, 2-2.5 mm. broad, commonly with 4 acute 



lobes : stems mostly smooth. 



Leaves chiefly ascending ; fruit 2.5-3.5 mm. in diam- 

 eter 20. G. linctorium. 



Leaves chiefly reflexed ; frnlt 1-1.5 mm. in diameter 21. G. labradoricum. 

 i. Leaves acute or cuspidate. 



Leaves linear, slightly upward-scabrous on the margins . 22. G. concinnum. 



Leaves lanceolate, retrorse-scabrous 23. G. asprellum. 



h. Fruit bristly 24. G. triforum. 



a. Fruit a berry ; leaves in 4's, 1-nerved 'Jo. Or", hupidttlum. 



1. G. virgatum Xutt. Slender and erect; stem 1-3 dm. high, simple or 

 branching from the base ; leaves mostly in 4's, thick, oblong or linear, 4-7 mm. 

 long ; flowers solitary, sessile, subtended by a pair of small bracteal leaves; fruit 

 unciuate-hispid. Dry soil, Mo. to Tenn. and Tex. 



2. G. Aparine L. (CLEAVERS, GOOSE GRASS.) Stem weak and reclining, 

 bristle-prickly backward, hairy at the joints ; leaves about 8 in a whorl, lanceo- 

 late, tapering to the base, short-pointed, rough on the margins and midrib, 

 2.5-7 cm. long ; peduncles i-3-flowered ; flowers white ; fruit bristly, 3-4 mm. in 

 diameter. Seashores, Que. to Fla., and in rich or shaded ground inland ; per- 

 haps sometimeo introd. (Eurasia.) 



Var. Vailldntii (DC.) Koch. Smaller; the leaves less than 2.5 cm. long; 

 hispidulous fruit smaller, 1.5-2 mm. in diameter. ((?. spurium L.) Out., 

 westw. and southwestw. 



3. G. TRICORNE Stokes. Resembling no. 2, rather stout, with simple branches ; 

 leaves 6 or 8, oblanceolate, cuspidate-mucronate, the margins and stem retrorsely 

 prickly-hispid ; flowers mostly t'n clusters of 3, dull white ; fruits rather large, 

 tuberculate-granulate, not hairy, pendulous. Ballast, local. (Adv. from Eu.) 



4. G. PARISIEXSE L. Slender, diffuse, 1-3 dm. high, glabrous ; leaves 5-7, 

 oblanceolate to nearly linear, 5-10 mm. long, their margins and the angles of the 

 stem spinulose-scabrous ; flowers rather few, ct/mulose on leafy branches, green- 

 ish-white, very small ; fruit glabrous, more or less tuberculate. (G. anglicum 

 Huds.) Roadsides, Va. (Nat. from Eu.) 



6. G. VERUM L. (YELLOW B.) Stems smooth, erect ; leaves 8 or sometimes 

 6 in the whorls, linear, roughish, soon deflexed; flowers yellow, very numerous, 

 densely paniculate, the lower branches of the panicle at anthesis much exceeding 

 the subtending leaves; fruit usually smooth. Dry fields, Me. to N. J., Pa., and 

 Ont., local. (Nat. from Eu.) 



6. G. WIRTGENII F. Schultz. Similar to the preceding ; flowers yellow, 

 slightly larger, 3 mm. in diameter ; the panicle long and interrupted, the lower 

 branches at anthesis shorter than or scarcely surpassing the subtending leaves. 

 Established in meadows, Norfolk, Ct. (Miss Seymour). (Adv. from Eu.) 



7. G. pilbsum Ait. Hairy; leaves oval, dotted, hairy, 2-2.5 cm. long, the 

 lateral nerves obscure ; peduncles 2-3-forked, the flowers all pediceled. Dry 

 copses, N. H. to Out.. Mich., 111.. Kan., and southw. 



Var. puncticulbsum (Michx.) T. & G. Almost glabrous; leaves varying 

 to elliptical-oblong, hispidulous-ciliate. N. J. to Va. and Tex. 



