750 



RUBIACEAE (MADDER FAMILY) 



907. G. trifldum. 

 near the base 



908. G. Clayton!. 



var. pusillum Gray.) Bogs, mossy woods, and wet shores, 

 Nfd. and Lab. to B. C., s. to n. and w. N. E., centr. N. Y., 

 (X, Mich., Neb., etc. July-Sept. (Eurasia.) FIG. 907. 



19. G. Clayton! Michx. Stouter, ascending or reclining; 

 primary leaves in 4's and 6's ; flowers in terminal clusters of 2's 

 and 3's ; pedicels stout, straight, and glabrous. 



(G. trifidum Man ed. 6, in part.) Swamps 

 and damp places, e. Que. to N. C., Neb., and 

 Tex. July-Sept. FIG. 908. 



20. G. tinctbrium L. Erect ; stem smooth, 

 stiffish, 1.5-8 dm. high, freely branched from 



leaves mostly in 4's, linear or lanceolate, 

 1.5-2.5 cm. long, cuneate at base, dull green, slightly sca- 

 brous on margin and midrib ; flowers 2 or 3 in terminal 

 clusters, the pedicels scarcely divaricate even in fruit,' fruit 

 2 5-3.6 mm. in diameter. (G. trifidum, var. latifolium Torr.) 



Damp shady places, w. Que. to Neb., s. to N. C. and 

 Ariz. May-July. FIG. 909. 



Var. filifblium Wiegand. More slender ; leaves nearly 

 filiform ; inflorescence more open ; corolla broader. Va. , 

 and southw. near the coast. 



21. G. Iabrad6ricum Wiegand. Low; stem smooth, 

 slender, 0.5-3 dm. high, from capillary rootstocks ; leaves 

 small, 0.5-1.5 cm. long, soon reflexed, 

 scabrous beneath on the margin and 

 nerve ; flowers as in the preceding but 

 smaller ; fruit much smaller. (G. tinc- 

 torium, var. Wiegand.) In moss, mostly beneath Larch or 

 Arbor Vitae, Nfd. to Wise., N. Y., and n. Ct. FIG. 910. 



22. G. concinnum T. & G. Stems low and slender, 1.5-3 

 dm. high, with minutely roughened angles ; leaves all in 6's, 

 linear, slightly pointed, veinless, the margins upwardly 

 roughened ; peduncles 2-3 times forked, diffusely panicled ; 

 pedicels short. Dry hills, N. J. and Pa. to Va., w. to 

 Minn., la., and Ark. 



23. G. asprellum Michx. (ROUGH B.) Stem 0.5-1.8 m. high, much 

 branched, rough backwards with hooked prickles, leaning on bushes ; leaves in 

 whorls of 6, or 4-5 on the branchlets, oval-lanceolate, with almost prickly mar- 

 gins and midrib ; peduncles short, 2-3 times forked. Alluvial ground, Nfd. to 

 N. C., w. to Ont., Minn., Neb., and Mo. 



24. G. triflbrum Michx. (SWEET-SCENTED B.) Stem 3-10 dm. long, bristly- 

 roughened backward on the angles ; leaves elliptical-lanceolate, bristle-pointed, 

 with slightly roughened margins, 2-8.5 cm. long ; peduncles 3-flowered, the 

 flowers all pediceled, greenish ; fruit beset with hooked bristles. Rich wood- 

 lands, Nfd. to B. C., and southw. Sweet-scented in drying. (Greenl., Eu.) 



25. G. hispidulum Michx. Hirsute-pubescent, scabrous, or sometimes nearly 

 smooth, 3-6 dm. high, diffusely branched ; leaves oblong or oval, mucronate, 

 0.5-2 cm. long ; pedicels solitary or commonly 2 or 3 from the small involucral 

 whorl, all naked, or one of them bracteolate ; flowers white ; berry purple, 

 glabrate. Dry or sandy soil, s. N. J. to Fla. , along the coast. 



909. G. tinctoriam. 



910. G. labradoricum. 



4. SPERMAC6CE [Dill.] L. BDTTONWBED 



Calyx-tube short ; the limb parted into 4 teeth. Corolla funnel-form or 

 salver-form, valvate in the bud. Stigma or style 2-cleft. Fruit small and dry, 

 2-celled, splitting when ripe into 2 carpels, one of them usually carrying with 

 it the partition, and therefore closed, the other open on the inner face. Small 

 herbs, the bases of the leaves or petioles connected by a bristle-bearing stipular 

 membrane. Flowers small, whitish, crowded into sessile axillary whorled clus- 



