VALERIANACEAE (VALERIAN FAMILY) 761 



15. V. rufidulum Raf. Similar ; the winter-buds, wing-margined petioles, and 

 lower leaf-surfaces red-tomentose ; leaves often larger (4-9 cm. long). (V. rufo- 

 tomentosum Small.) Woods and thickets, Va. to 111., Kan., and southw. 

 Apr., May. 



7. SAMBtTCUS [Tourn.] L. ELDER 



Calyx-lobes minute or obsolete. Corolla open-urn-shaped, with a broadly 

 spreading 5-cleft limb. Stamens 5. Stigmas 3. Fruit a berry-like juicy drupe, 

 containing 3 small seed-like nutlets. Shrubby plants, with a rank smell when 

 bruised, pinnate leaves, serrate-pointed leaflets, and numerous small flowers in 

 compound cymes. (The Latin name, perhaps from (7a/x/3tf*cij, an ancient musical 

 instrument.) 



1. S. canade"nsis L. (COMMON E.) Stems scarcely woody, 1-4 m. high, with 

 white pith; leaflets 5-11, oblong, mostly smooth, the lower often 3-parted ; 

 cymes flat ; flowers white; fruit black-purple. Rich soil, in open places, 

 throughout our range, also southw. and westw. June, July. 



2. S. racembsa L. (RED-BERRIED E.) Stems woody, 0.5-3.5 Si. high, the 

 bark warty, the pith brown; leaflets 5V7, ovate-lanceolate, downy underneath; 

 cymes panicled, convex or pyramidal ; flowers yellowish-white, sometimes tinged 

 with crimson; fruit bright red (rarely white). (. pubens Michx. ) Rocky 

 woods, Nfd. to B. C., s. to Ga., Mich., la., Col., etc. May; fruit ripening 

 in June. (Eu.) Var. LACINIA.TA Koch. Leaflets divided into linear-lanceolate 

 or laciniate segments. L. Superior and " Pa." 



8. ADOXA L. MOSCHATBL 



Calyx-tube reaching not quite to the summit of the 3-6-celled ovary ; limb 

 of 3 or more teeth. Corolla wheel-shaped, 4-6-cleft, bearing at each sinus a 

 pair of separate or partly united stamens with 1-celled anthers. Style 3-5-parted. 

 Dry drupe greenish, with 3-5 cartilaginous nutlets. A dwarf perennial, with 

 scaly rootstock and ternately divided leaves, the cauline a single pair. An 

 anomalous genus. (From 45o|os, obscure or insignificant.) 



1. A. Moschatlllina L. Smooth, musk-scented ; radical leaves 1-3-ternate, 

 the cauline 3-cleft or 3-parted ; leaflets obovate, 3-cleft ; flowers several in a 

 close cluster on a slender peduncle, greenish or yellowish. Mossy woods, wet 

 rocks, etc., n. e. la., Wise., Minn., and northw. June, July. (Eurasia.) 



, VALERIANACEAE (VALERIAN FAMILY) 



Herbs, with opposite leaves and no stipules ; the calyx-tube adherent to the 

 ovary, which has one fertile l-ovuled cell and two abortive or empty ones ; the 

 stamens distinct, 1-3, fewer than the lobes of the corolla, and inserted on its 

 tube. Corolla tubular or funnel-form, often irregular, mostly 5-lobed, the lobes 

 imbricated in the bud. Style slender ; stigmas 1-3. Fruit indehiscent, 1-celled 

 (the two empty cells of the ovary disappearing), or 3-celled, two of the cells 

 empty, the other 1-seeded. Seed suspended, anatropous, with a large embryo 

 and no albumen. Flowers in panicled or clustered cymes. Roots often 

 odorous and antispasmodic. 



1. Valeriana. Calyx-limb of several plumose bristles. Perennials. 



2. Valerianella. Calyx-limb entire or merely toothed. Annuals or biennials. 



1. VALERIANA [Tourn.] L. VALERIAN 



Calyx-limb of several plumose bristles (like a pappus) which are rolled up 

 inward in flower, but unroll and spread as the seed-like 1-celled fruit matures. 

 Corolla commonly gibbous near '_-,e base, the 5-lobed limb nearly regular. Sta- 



