COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 861 



7. C. NloRA L. (KNAPWEED, SPANISH BUTTONS.) Rather harsh somewhat 

 branched plant, with reduced leaves extending nearly or quite to the heads , 



involucre subglobose ; the appendages of the bracts hirtellous, 

 blackish (rarely tawny) ; the outermost and middle ones lance- 

 ili'/toid and very deeply pectinate-ciliate ; the innermost ovate 

 or orbicular, paler and irregularly lacerate ; corollas rose- 

 purple, all tubular. Fields and roadsides, locally abundant, 

 Nfd. and Que. to N. J. July-Sept. (Nat. from Eu.) FIG. 1012. 

 Var. RADiATA DC. Involucre tawny (rarely blackish) ; 

 cre * nd outer flowers falsely radiate. N. S. to Ont. and Pa. (Nat. 



from Eu.) 



8. C. americana Nutt. Tall and smoothish (0.5-1.6 in. high); stems con- 

 spicuously thickened below the showy heads' leaves oblong-lanceolate, mostly 

 entire; bracts all with conspicuously fringed scarious appendages, the outer- 

 most and middle loith spreading, the elongate innermost with ascending, teeth; 

 corollas rose-purple to flesh-pink, the outer conspicuously enlarged. Plains, 

 Mo., southw. and southwestw. May-Aug. 



9. C. MACUL6SA Lain. Pubescent or glabrate, with ascending rather wiry 

 brandies ; involucre ovoid-campanulate, in fruit becoming open-campanulate ; 

 the outer and middle ovate bracts with rather firm points and with 5-7 pairs of 

 cilia at the dark tip; innermost bracts elongate, entire or 



lacerate ; corollas whitish, rose-pink, or purplish, the marginal 

 falsely radiate. Waste places, roadsides, etc., N. E. to N. J. 

 (Adv. from Eu.) 



10. C. VOCHINENSIS Bernh. Harsh, somewhat resembling 

 no. 7 ; involucre of several very unequal series; the outer- 

 most bracts deltoid or ovate, short, the dark pointed tip bear- 10 , 3 c voch j nensig 

 ing 5-7 pairs of long cilia ; middle bracts elongate-lanceolate, Invo i ucre an(1 bract 

 terminated by a dilated ovate or orbicular dark pectinate x y 

 appendage ; innermost bracts elongate, with dark or brightly 



colored erose or lacerate appendage ; corollas rose-purple, the marginal falsely 

 radiate. Fields and roadsides, local, N. E. to Ont. (Nat. from Eu.) FIG. 

 1013. 



87. CNiCUS L. BLESSED THISTLE 



Heads many-flowered ; flowers all tubular, the marginal sterile, shorter than 

 the others, which are perfect and fertile. Bracts of the ovoid involucre coria- 

 ceous, apprised, extended into a long and rigid spinous appendage. Recepta- 

 cle clothed with capillary bristles. Achenes terete, short, strongly many-etriate, 

 crowned with 10 short and horny teeth and bearing 10 elongated rigid bristles, 

 also 10 shorter alternating ones in an inner row. An annual somewhat 

 pubescent herb, with scarcely pinnatifid-cut but spinescent leaves and large 

 leafy-bracted heads of yellow flowers. (Latin name of the Safflower, from the 

 Greek Kvfjicos.) 



1. C. BENEofcTus L. (Centourca L.) Roadsides and waste places, rare, 

 N. B. and N. S. to Pa., and southw. (Adv. from Eu.) 



88. LAPSANA L. NIPPLE-WORT 



Heads 8-12-flowered. Bracts of the cylindrical involucre 8, erect; a short 

 outer series also present. Receptacle naked. Achenes oblong; pappus none. 

 Slender branching annuals, with angled or toothed leaves, and loosely panic-led 

 small heads ; flowers yellow. (The \a/j.\f<dvT) of Dioscorides was evidently a 

 wild Mustard.) LAMPSANA Hill. 



1. L. COMMTNIS L. Nearly smooth, 3-8 dm. high ; lower leaves ovate, some- 

 times lyre-shaped. Roadsides and waste places, Que. to Pa., and Mich. (Nat. 

 from Eu.) 



