24 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST. 



over with tar or thick paint to keep out 

 moisture. 



Time to Prune. — It is very important that 

 the healing process should start soon after 

 the wound is made, otherwise the cambium 

 will be killed back quite a distance from the 

 exposed surface and healing" will be retarded. 



For this reason winter pruning should be 

 avoided, particularly in frosty weather. In 

 the early fall or late spring, the cambium is 

 active, and wounds made at this time start 

 to heal at once, and there is little or no dy- 

 ing back of the cambium. 



Southend, Ont. H. N. Hutt. 



NO. 1 AND NO. 2 APPLES. 



-N the discussion of the Fruit Marks Act 

 at Cobourg, it was plainly pointed out 

 that more definite grades were needed. 

 ^* As it now stands a shipper may use 

 any designation he chooses to mean No. 

 I, or No. 2, and the inspectors are often at 

 a loss to know just what is meant by such 

 marks as A. B. Straight Grade, X, XX, Se- 

 lected, Choice, etc. 



Now if some designation were adopted 

 for general use, and persons desiring to use 

 other marks than that legalised were obliged 

 to have such marks defined and registered 

 before using them, it would much simplify 

 the work of the inspectors. 



Another point still undecided is whether 

 the grade No. i or No. 2 should include 

 certain definite sizes. If this were possible 

 the grades would be much more satisfactory 

 to the buyer, who would at once know 

 whether his No. i apples were 2 inches or 

 2^ inch apples, a most important point ; 

 they would also be much more service to 

 the grower, who would find his apples 

 would take on more value in the markets 

 because of the sizes indicated by the grade. 



Surely no apple except Fameuse, Pomme 

 Grise, Jonathan, Lady or Wine Sap, should 

 be classed No. i unless it were 2)^ inches 

 or upwards in diameter ; or No. 2 unless it 

 were at least 2]/^ inches in diameter. 



In these matters it is most important to 

 be in line with other exporters from this 

 continent, audit will therefore be interesting 

 to quote from the proceedings of the North 

 American Apple Shippers' Association the 

 following resolution on the grading of ap- 

 ples : 



Resolved, that the standard for size for No. 

 I Apples shall not be less than two and one-half 

 inches in diameter, and shall include such varie- 

 ties as Ben Davis, Willow Twig, Baldwin, Green- 

 ing and other varieties kindred in size. That the 

 standard for such varieties as Romanite, Russett, 

 Wine Sap, Jonathan, Missouri Pippin and other 

 varieties kindred in size shall not be less than two 

 and one-quarter inches. And further that No. i 

 Apples shall be at time of packing practically free 

 from the action of worms, defacement of surface 

 or breaking of skin ; shall be hand picked from 

 the tree, of bright and normal color and shapely 

 form. 



No. 2 Apples shall be hand picked from the 

 tree ; and shall not be smaller than two and one- 

 quarter inches in diameter. The skin must not 

 be broken or the apple brui,sed. This grade must 

 be faced and packed with as much care as No. i 

 fruit. 



The Georgian Bay Fruit Growers' 

 Association comprises a large number ot 

 the best fruit growers and farmers of the 

 district. They were represented at our 

 Cobourg meeting by Mr. Saunders, Mr. 

 Cox and others, who were most anxious 



that the next meeting of our Association 

 should be at Collingwood, but in view of 

 the invitation from Walkerton, which has 

 been repeated three successive years, they 

 waived their claim for the present. 



