236 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST. 



hot turn in two gallons of kerosene (coal oil) 

 and churn briskly for five minutes. Before 

 using add nine parts of water. 



2. Paris Green. — One pound of Paris 

 green, one pound of fresh lime, and add 

 200 gallons of water. 



For dry application, take one pound of 

 Paris green, with 5 pounds of flour, land 

 plaster, slaked lime, or any perfectly dry 

 powder. 



3. Whale Oil Soap. — For young insects 

 (scale) use one pound in 5 gallons of water. 

 For aphis use one pound in 8 gallons of 

 water. For San Jose scale in winter use 

 2 pounds in one gallon of water. 



4. Tobacco and Soap Wash. — For plant 

 lice or aphis, soak in hot water for a few 

 hours 10 pounds of tobacco leaves (home- 

 grown will do), strain off and add 2 pounds 

 of whale oil soap. Stir until all is dissolved 

 and dilute to 40 gallons. Apply early and 

 two or three times at short intervals. 



5. Alkaline Wash. — For Borers. Reduce 

 soft soap to the consistency of thick paint 

 by the addition of a strong solution of wash- 

 ing soda in water. If applied with a brush 

 during the morning of a warm day, this will 

 dry in a few hours and form a tenacious 

 coating not easily dissolved by rain. 



5. Poisoned Bordeaux Mixture for Fungi and 

 Insects on Fruit Trees. — Dissolve 4 pounds 

 of copper sulphate (bluestone) by suspending 

 it inside a wooden or earthen vessel con- 

 taining 4 or 5 gallons of water. Slake 4 

 pounds of fresh lime in another vessel. If 

 the lime, when slaked is lumpy it should be 

 strained through course sacking or a fine 

 sieve. Pour the copper sulphate solution 

 into a barrel, or it may be dissolved in this 

 in the first place; half fill the barrel with 

 water, add the slaked lime, and 4 ounces of 

 Paris green, fill the barrel with water and 

 stir thoroughly. It is then ready for use. 

 Stock solutions of dissolved copper sulphate 

 and of lime may be prepared and kept in 



separate covered barrels throughout the 

 spraying season. The quantities of blue- 

 stone, lime and water should be carefully 

 noted. 



7. Copper Sulphate Solution. — This is pre- 

 pared by dissolving one pound of bluestone 

 in 25 gallons of water. As soon as dis- 

 solved it is ready for use, but must be used 

 only before the buds open. 



The worst enemies of the apple tree, at- 

 tacking the foliage, are the eye-spotted bud- 

 moth, which can be destroyed by spraying 

 early with a strong Paris green wash con- 

 sisting of one pound each of Paris green 

 and fresh lime, in 100 gallons of water ; 

 the Cigar Case-bearer, the Pistol Case- 

 bearer and Leaf Rollers, all of which can be 

 destroyed by the same means. 



Destroy tent caterpillars by spraying the 

 trees with poisons as given in either number 



2 or 6 directly the young caterpillars are 

 noticed. All tents should also be cut off" 

 and destroyed early before the leaves hide 

 them 



Green fruit worms should be treated to 

 number 6. 



Cankerworm can be destroyed with 2 or 

 6 as soon as the caterpillars appear. 



The apple aphis can be destroyed with 



3 or 4. 



The insects attacking the wood are prin- 

 cipally the flat-headed borer and the round- 

 headed borer, and the best remedy for both 

 is a regular treatment every June just before 

 the time the eggs are usually laid, with 

 deterrent washes such as number 5, or the 

 same with crude carbolic acid added in the 

 proportion of one pint to four gallons of the 

 wash, to be applied with a large brush to 

 the bark of the tree trunks and larger 

 limbs. When a tree is infested, the presence 

 of the grub may be detected by the borings 

 which it pushes out of its burrows and by 

 the sunken discolored appearance of the 

 bark. By cutting through the bark the 



