138 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST. 



when he stated that the present need was 

 rather the growing of more high grade fruit 

 than the packing of it. This would not 

 come about until the grower saw a greater 

 difference in price between the grades. It 

 was a shame to see fine King apples sold for 

 the same price as Ben Davis, and a shame 

 to see such poor samples of all kinds ex- 

 ported. Fruit growers will not grow high 

 grade fruit for mere sentiment; but, when 

 men see that high grade fruit pays in dollars 

 and cents, and that poor stuff does not pay 

 — and that day is at hand — then they can no 

 longer afford to grow poor samples, nor to 

 mix them in the same packages with high 

 grade stock. 



THE APPLE ROT OF 1902. 



Mr. H. J. Eustace, of Geneva, N. Y., re- 

 ported an apple scab and the white fungus 

 that accompanied it on apples last year, and 

 which caused the rot of so large a portion of 

 the crop in New York State and in Ontario. 



The scab appeared in August and Septem- 

 ber, unusually late, owing to the wet au- 

 tumn ; and the white fungus was quite dis- 

 tinct from it, and could not have found an 

 entrance through the skin had not the scab 

 first made an opening. This white fungus 

 has been known for fifty or sixty years as 

 attacking dead wood and rotten fruit, but 

 never was so injurious to fruit as in 1902, 

 and is not likely to be so troublesome again 

 unless in a peculiar season like the one just 

 passed. The remedy, of course, is spray- 

 ing, for this prevents the scab, and without 

 the scab the white fungus would be harm- 

 less. 



COLD CHECKS SCAB. 



Mr. Eustace further reported on experi-' 

 ments with scab in cold storage. He had 

 put away apples inoculated with scab fun- 

 gus in a temperature of 32F, and others in n 

 temperature of 70 degrees. The latter soon 

 developed scab at the point of infection, 



while the former did not show it all the time 

 they were kept in the cold, but when brought 

 to a high temperature the fungus appeared 

 in the course of time. Scabby apples, there- 

 fore, can be kept without depreciation below 

 45 F. ; but for the best results the storage 

 should be dry and well ventilated. Mr. 

 Eustace believed that the spores of scab 

 might be spread to trees from apples on the 

 ground, and these therefore should be 

 plowed under or otherwise disposed of ; 

 though, of course, a thorough covering of 

 Bordeaux would secure the trees from in- 

 fection. 



Some growers reported good results from 

 spraying with lime and sulphur, both for 

 scale and fungi, and one stated that he had 

 treated his apple orchard with a fine spray 

 of pure kerosene in the month of February, 

 without the least injury, and he beUeved he 

 had destroyed both scale and scab. 



GRAPE LEAF HOPPER. 



This insect, commonly called thrip, is a 

 near relative of the rose leaf hopper, and 

 very difficult to destroy. Prof. Slingerland, 

 of Ithaca, N. Y., had tried blankets of tangle 

 foot, against which the hoppers were driven 

 and caught fast, but this plan, though fairly 

 successful, was too costly. He had tried 

 spraying with kerosene, but grape foliage 

 was too tender, and would not take more 

 than 5 or 6 per cent of kerosene, so this was 

 a failure, but he hoped for some success with 

 whale oil soap, i lb. to 10 gallons, applied 

 about the ist of July. It would kill every 

 one it hit, and a return spraying to kill those 

 which fell to the ground might make the 

 work pretty thorough. 



YELTiOWS OF THE RASPHERRY. 



This evil has appeared in Mr. Metcalfe's 

 plantation at Grimsby and in other places I'l 

 Ontario, and we have failed thus far to meet 

 anyone who can explain it. Prof. Stewart, 



