NOTES AND COMMENTS. 



141 



added and the whole boiled for two or three 

 hours. Then add hot water to make the 

 proper proportion and apply while hot. At 

 no time will the mixture work as well us 

 when perfectly fresh. 



COST OF APPLICATION. 



At Mr. McCardle's place, near St. Catha- 

 rines, as described on page 500 of our jour- 

 nal for 1902, we found Mr. Fisher prepar- 

 ing this mixture in a dozen kerosene oil bar- 

 rels, using the steam generated by a thresh- 

 ing machine engine to boil the contents. The 

 cost he estimated at only about 1^4 cents per 

 gallon, or about yi the cost of whale oil soap. 



GOOD KESULTS. 



Prof. Beach, of Geneva, N. Y., gives some 

 evidence in favor of an early spraying with 

 this lime and sulphur wash. He stated at 

 the recent meeting of New York State fruit 

 growers that at the Geneva station last 

 spring 31 large Baldwin apple trees were 

 treated with this spray just when the leaf 

 buds showed the first sign of green, and no 

 further spraying was given them. A few 

 trees of the same variety near them were left 

 untreated, and the fruit on them was un- 

 marketable, while the 31 treated trees gave 

 a yield of 275 barrels of apples remarkably 

 free from scab. This seemed to prove that 

 one such treatment before the opening of the 

 leaves was more effective than the same 

 treatment at any later period. He thought 

 that this one application should always be 

 given if every other were omitted. 



SUCCESS WITH BORDEAUX. 



Ordinarily Prof. Beach advised, however, 

 four sprayings with Bordeaux, as follows : 



First — Just before leaf buds open. 



Second — Before blossoms open. 



Third — As blossoms fall. 



Fourth — Ten to fourteen days later. 



But. as Mr. Race said at Stony Creek, 

 what is the use of prescribing for the 



farmer more work than he can possi'- 

 bly get done ? This spraying is the 

 most troublesome and perplexing work 

 our orchardists have to undertake, and 

 if it were only possible to do with one ap- 

 plication. Mr, Race seemed to think they 

 might spray three times, but we think very 

 few will do it and do it thoroughly. Prof. 

 Beach thought the first two sprayings on his 

 list might be combined into one, unless leaf 

 eating insects were numerous, in which case, 

 of course, Paris green or else white arsenic 

 would need to be added. 



In case the above sprayings with Bor- 

 deaux were to be given, he did not think 

 there was need of the winter treatment. But 

 Mr. Professor, if you can only give us a 

 spring treatment, like that lime and sulphur 

 with which you had such good results, and 

 make it a little easier of application, and tell 

 us that it will be the first and last needed for 

 the whole season you will merit our most 

 sincere gratitude. Every up-to-date fruit 

 grower will take the time to cover every inch 

 of wood, and carry out your instructions to 

 the letter. This is something they will never 

 do as a rule while you make the business so 

 difficult. 



Mr. Denny, of New York State, sprayed 

 four times with Bordeaux, giving the last 

 application about the end of June. He had 

 chiefly Baldwins, Greenings and Spy. As a 

 result he had 1,800 barrels of perfectly clean 

 apples out of total crop of 1,950. In his 

 opinion it was the early spraying that did the 

 most good. 



SHIPPING TOMATOES— BEST STAGE OF 



MATURITY— PKOPER TEMPERATURE 



IN I^TORAGE. 



SIR, — I have been shipping tomatoes from 

 Florida to the nonhtrn market- during the 

 months of march and April forihe asi two 

 seasons, but have not been very succfssful in the 

 venture. You give 34 degr^-es as .t good tempera- 

 ture at which to carry th m, but do not state 

 whether this was for green, half jipe or fully col- 

 ored fruit. 



Elmira Height, N. Y. S. B. Clark, M. D. 



