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THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 



Fee of $1.00, for which he shall receive a 

 printed receipt, making him a member of 

 the Union, entitled to all its rights and ben- 

 efits until the 31st day of December, follow- 

 ing. The Annual Fee of $1.00 shall be due 

 on the first day of January in each year, and 

 MUST be paid within six months in order to 

 retain membership in this Union. 

 ARTICLE VI.— Funds. 



Sec. 1.— The Funds of this Union shall be 

 used for any purpose in the interests of the 

 pursuit of bee-culture, when such are ap- 

 proved by the Board of Directors ; and to 

 pay the legitimate expenses of the Union. 



Sec. 2. — The Salary of the General Man- 

 ager shall be determined by the Board of 

 Directors, but shall not be more than twenty 

 (20) per cent, of the gross income for each 

 fiscal year. 



ABTICLE VII.— Amendments. 



This Constitution may be amended by a 

 majority vote of all the members ; provided 

 that all proposed amendments shall be 

 presented in writing, signed by three mem- 

 bers, and sent to the General Manager be- 

 fore the first day of November, so that they 

 may be incorporated into his annual Report. 



EXXRMOXED. 



A Symposinm on Winterine. 



Symposiums are to be a feature of some 

 of the future numbers of Gleanings. They 

 were a special feature of the earlier volumes 

 of the Review. They were continued 

 monthly until some fifty topics had been 

 discussed, when it seemed as though there 

 were not a sufficient number of important 

 topics to take up one each month, and they 

 were introduced only occasionally — when- 

 ever circumstances brought some new topic 

 uppermost, or a new invenlion threw new 

 light on an old one, as the bee-escape did 

 upon the house-apiary. The last one ap- 

 pearing in the Review was in regard to the 

 " Amalgamation of the North American and 

 the Bee-Keepers' Union, " which now seems 

 in a fair way to bear fruit. 



Gleanings for Nov. ir» has .one of these 

 symposiums on wintering whicli is contribu- 

 ted to by J. E. Crane, F. Greiner,.J. A. Green, 

 C. A. Hatch, P. H. Elwood, H. R. Board- 

 man, B. Taylor and S. T. Fettit — most ex- 

 cellent men. There is nothing ijarticulnily 

 new brought out, but excellent work done 

 in confirming what was already believed to 

 be true. It seems almost foolhardy to try to 

 give a summing up of these articles, so says 

 the editor of Gleanings, and I agree with 



him, but he did attempt it, and here is a 

 part of the "attempt. " 



"It is very encouraging to note, as one 

 reads over this series of very interesting 

 articles, that the 'wintering problem ' is not 

 such a serious one as it formerly was ; indeed, 

 it may almost be said to be solved if we may 

 judge from the unbroken records of success 

 of not alone the few who have given us their 

 views, but of the hundreds of bee-keeqers 

 all over our north lands where winter's 

 rigors hold full sway. 



Not all of the writers above follow exactly 

 the same methods ; but it is significant that 

 they agree on all important essentials. 



These, primarily, seem to be — good bees 

 of right age ; good food, and suitable pro- 

 tection. As to food, granulated sugar syrup 

 fed early enough to be well ripened seems to 

 hold the first place ; after that, good light 

 honey. For protection all are agreed that 

 outdoor colonies should be packed in double- 

 walled hives, and that those indoors should 

 be in a frost-proof room, generally under 

 ground, darkened, and capable of good ven- 

 tilation. It seems to be easier to control 

 temperature in the cellars than in the up- 

 ground structures. 



As to ventilators for repositories : The 

 sub-earth do not receive much indorsement. 

 Mr. Pettit holds that the fresh air admitted 

 through underground tubes acquires an un- 

 due amount of dampness, and is, therefore, 

 detrimental. The ventilation that is pre- 

 ferred seems to be from doors and windows 

 that may be opened at intervals at night. 



It is significant, too, that the ventilation 

 of the hive should be from the bottom, either 

 by leaving the bottom board off entirely and 

 piling the hives over the spaces of those be- 

 low, or of raising the hive up on a rim to 

 give air-spaces under the frames. So far, 

 then, indoor colonies should have tight cov- 

 ers. 



When it comes to the outdoor bees, there 

 is a divided opinion as to the desirability of 

 a sealed cover. 



All put their colonies into the cellar about 

 the middle of this month, or about the time 

 this journal reaches its readers. 



As to ontdoor packing, planer-shavings 

 seem to receive a prominent recognition ; 

 and perhaps I might say in this connection 

 that we uow prefer them to chafi. They keep 

 drier, and are more easily obtained. " 



Feeding^ Back for the Production of Comb 

 Honey. 

 " Feeding back " was for years a hobby 

 of mine, hence it was with more than usual 

 interest that I read the following from the 

 pen of ray friend E. T. Flanagan and pub- 

 lished by tbe Progressive. 

 "" I had a 'hankering' for a number of 

 years past to have a hand in feeding back to 

 fill out unfinished sections, but something 

 always prevented. Sometimes the sections 

 to till were not on hand at the right time ; 

 then, again, the extracted honey to fill them 



