88 



GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 



Jan. 15 



in the South, comb honey in sections being 

 almost a thing of the past. Dr. Miller, page 

 13U8, does not like the term,but wants it called 

 "story." Editor Root objects to that as 

 meaning a full-depth hive-body, and sug- 

 gests "brood-chamber" as a better term. 

 1 object to all of these terms, especially the 

 latter, for the brood-chamber proper may 

 consist of several parts of the divisible- 

 brood chamber hive, often three or more be- 

 ing used. Besides, the same parts are con- 

 tinually changed about, sometimes the lower, 

 and then as the upper portion of the brood- 

 chamber. 



Better call them "cases." A divisible- 

 brood chamber hive consists of a series of 

 shallow cases, two or more for the brood- 

 chamber; the same kind of cases, and frames 

 for extracted and bulk-comb honey supers, 

 and such cases with sections, instead of 

 frames, being used for producing section- 

 box honey. They can be called supers when 

 used above for honey, and are "brood- 

 cases" when used for the brood-chamber — 

 thus two or three cases or more for a brood- 

 chamber. Then we can call them the lower 

 case or upper case of the divisible Ijrood- 

 chamber, and know just what is meant. 

 There should not be any confusion between 

 cases of brood of such hives and shipping- 

 cases of comb or extracted honey. On the 

 hive the shallow cases are always called su- 

 pers, so there's no confusion between these 

 and shipping-cases of honey. 

 /& 



RAPID GRANULATION OF HONEY. 



Never did 1 see honey granulate so quick- 

 ly as this year. It caused considerable trou- 

 ble in the markets at the beginning of the 

 season. Honey extracted in April, May, 

 and June would, in many instances, granu- 

 late in ten days after it was taken off the 

 hives. As a good harvest was obtained in 

 most of the main honey-producing sections 

 of Southwest Texas it was sent to market in 

 hundreds of carloads in a very short time. 

 Most of this was bulk comb honey in cans, 

 which made it worse, and hence it left a 

 large stock of unsalable honey on the deal- 

 ers hands This caused a slowing up of 

 sales, as many were afraid to buy more; 

 but the demand stiffened again rapidly after 

 the granulated honey was out of the way. 

 This was not done without much trouble, 

 however, as it necessitated melting up the 

 granulated comb honey and separating the 

 wax from it. 



After this experience, the majority of bee- 

 keepers heat all their extracted honey, be- 

 fore shipping it to market, to 150° F , which 

 delays granulation for a considerable length 

 of time. For bulk comb honey the liquid 

 honey is heated to the above temperature, 

 and then poured over the packed comb 

 honey in the cans while still hot. The comb 

 honey will not granulate as fast as the ex- 

 tracted would; and by heating the latter be- 

 foi'e putting in the cans with the comb, the 

 whole mass is kept from granulating a long 

 time. Of course, it will granulate at the 

 approach of cold weather late in the season. 



SCIENTIFIC AMATEURS. 



The 3Iodest Small Bee-keepers. 



BY E. R. ROOT. 



Among those who attended the Harrisburg 

 National convention was Miss Susan E. Wil- 

 liams, of Moorestown, N. J., a suburb of 

 Camden, opposite Philadelphia. It is true 

 she took no prominent part at that meeting, 

 yet it was easy to see that she was an enthu- 

 siast and a good listener. Such people al- 

 ways help a speaker by their presence. 



MISS SUSAN E. WILLIAMS, AN ENTHUSIASTIC 

 AMATEUR BEE-KEEPER. 



While Miss Williams has kept bees for only 

 a comparatively short time, she represents a 

 type of "scientific amateurs." if 1 may use 

 the phrase, who have done much to enrich 

 our bee literature in all countries. It is these 

 people who occasionally give to the bee-keep- 

 ing world some practical suggestions as well 

 as some scientific facts. Miss Williams, 

 while she belongs to this class, is exceeding- 

 ly modest in her attainments in bee-lore, es- 

 pecially for a beginner. Her neat little api- 

 ary in her back yard, where she has found 



