THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM. 7 



fetid gum resin, aa Assafoetida, Ammoniac, Galbanura, &c. 3. Those species which 

 supply a carminative and aromatic oil, as Carra way- seeds, Anise, Coriander, &c. 

 4. The poisonous species include Hemlock, Water Dropwort, &c. (Fig. 49.) 



98. Araliaceae, IVYWORTS. Trees, shrubs, or herbaceous plants, found both in 

 tropical and in cold regions. Lindley enumerates 21 genera, comprising 160 species. 

 These plants are allied to Umbelliferae, and have generally aromatic and stimulant 

 properties. Some species of Aralia yield an aromatic gum-resin. 



99. CornaceaB, CORNELS. Trees, shrubs, or herbs, of temperate climates. The 

 bark of some species is used as a tonic and febrifuge; the seed of Cornus mascula has 

 been used as food; and the seeds of Cornus sanguinea furnish oil. 9 genera, and 40 species. 



COROLLIFLOE^B. 



Calyx and Corolla present; Petals united, bearing the Stamens. 



100. LoranthaceaB, LORANTHS, or MISTLETOES. Shrubs, usually parasitical. Many 

 in the tropical regions have showy flowers, which hang from the branches of trees, 

 presenting a beautiful appearance. Lindley mentions 23 genera, and 412 species. The 

 bark is astringent. 



101. Caprifoliaceae CAPRIFOILS, or HONEYSUCKLE TRIBE. Shrubs or herbs, chiefly 

 found in the temperate climates. There are 14 genera, and 220 species. Many of the 

 plants have odoriferous flowers, and some possess emetic and purgative properties. 

 The fruit of the common Elder is used in the manufacture of Elder Wine. 



102. Kubiaceae, CINCHONADS. Trees, shrubs, or herbs. The order has been 

 divided into two sub -orders: 1. Cinchoneae, natives of the warm regions; and 2. 

 Galieas, or Stellatea, natives of colder regions. There are nearly 280 genera, and 

 upwards of 2,800 known species. The properties of these plant? are, in general, tonic, 

 febrifuge, and astringent; some, however, have emetic and purgative qualities, as 

 Ipecacuanha. Among the food plants of this order the most important is Coffea 

 arabica, the Coffee plant, a native of Arabia. The Madder of commerce, used in 

 dyeing, is produced by the root of Rubia tinctoria. (Figs. 50, 51, 52.) 



103. Valerianaceae, VALERIAN-WORTS. Herbs of temperate climates. These 

 plants are strong-scented or aromatic, and some of them are employed as bitter tonics 

 and anti-spasmodics. There are 12 genera, and 185 species. 



104. Dipsacaceae, TEAZELS. Herbs or undershrubs, found in the south of Europe, 

 the Levant, and at the Cape of Good Hope. Their properties are unimportant. The 

 heads of Dipsacus fullonum, Fuller's Teazel (Fig. 53), on account of their spiny bracts, 

 are used in dressing cloth. Lindley notices 6 genera, including 150 species. 



105. Calyceraceae, CALYCERS. Herbaceous plants of South America. Their pro- 

 perties are unknown. 5 genera, 10 species. 



106. Compositae, COMPOSITES. Herbs or shrubs. This is one of the largest 

 families in the vegetable kingdom. De Candolle's division of the order, now generally 

 adopted, is as follows: 1. Tubulifloree; 2. Labratiflorse; 3. Liguliflorse. The plants of 

 this order are variously distributed over the globe. In northern regions they are 

 mostly herbaceous, while in warm climates they become shrubby or even arborescent. 

 Their properties are more or less bitter, and sometimes astringent, acrid, and narcotic. 



.In this order is comprised the following well-known plants and vegetable products- 

 Artichoke, Thistle, Camomile, Wormwood, Southernwood, Sunflower, Lettuce, and 

 Safflower. (Fig. 54.) There are 1,000 genera, and 9,500 species. 



107. BrunqniaceSBj BRUNONIADS. Stemless herbaceous plants, natives of Australia. 

 Their properties are unknown. 1 genus, 9 species. 



108. Gcodeniaseae- GOODENIADS. Herbs, found in Australia and the South Sea 

 Islands. Some are eaten as pot-herbs. 14 genera, and 150 species. 



109. StylidiaceaB, STYLEWORTS. Non-lactescent herbs or undershrubs, natives of 

 marshy places in Australia. Some are also found at the southern extremity of South 

 America. 5 genera, and 121 species. 



110. Campanulaceae, BELL-WORTS. Lactescent herbs or undershrubs, natives 

 chiefly of northern and temperate regions. The milky juice found in the plants of this 

 order has acrid properties. There are, according to Lindley, 28 genera, and 500 species. 



111. Lobeliaceffi, LOBELIADS. Lactescent herbs or shrubs, found both in temperate 

 and warm climates. Acridity is their prevailing characteristic. Lobelia inflata, 

 Indian Tobacco of North America, is used medicinally as a sedative and expectorant, 

 the milky juice of some species of this order contains Caoutchouc. There are 27 

 known genera, including 375 species. 



112. Gesneraceae, GESNERWORTS. Herbs or shrubs, found chiefly in the warmer 

 regions of America. Their properties are unimportant. There are 22 known genera, 

 and upwards of 120 species. 



113. Ericaceae, HEATHS. Shrubs, undershrubs, or herbaceous plants, with ever- 

 green leaves. Th> order has been divided into 1. Ericeje, the true Heaths and 



