CHAPTER X. 



/ Tab. XVIII. — the stomach, gall bladder, &c. 



Fig. 1. a, the stomach ; h, the cardia ; c, the pylorus. ' The 

 gastric juice is a secretion derived from the inner membrane of 

 the stomach, and digestion is principally performed by it. In 

 the various orders of animated beings it differs, being adapt- 

 ed to the food on w^hich they are accustomed to subsist. The 

 food, vrhen properly masticated, is dissolved by the gastric 

 fluid, and converted into chyme ; so that most kinds of the in- 

 gesta lose their specific qualities ; and the chemical changes 

 to which they would otherwise be liable, as putridity and ran- 

 cidity, &c. are thus prevented. 



In this plate, h, the liver is turned up, in order to show the 

 gall-bladder which is attached to its concave surface ; d, the 

 duodenum ; e, part of the small intestines ; /, the pancreas ; 

 and g, the spleen. 



Fig. 2. Explains the several ducts and their communica- 

 tion with the duodenum; a, the gall-hladder ; &, the ductus 

 cysticus ; which uniting with, c, the ductus hepaticus, forms, d, 

 the ductus communis ; which, after passing between the mus- 

 cular and inner coats of the intestine, opens into it at c. /, 

 the pancreatic duct. The bile is said to become more viscid, 

 acrid, and bitter, from the thinner parts being absorbed during 

 its retention in the gall-bladder. 



