'The Old-English Element in the Names of the Places. 165 



clature telling us the history of the people and the country ; — in 

 Hengistbury Head, on the south-west, reminding us of the 

 white horse — the Hengest of the High-German,* and Calshot 

 at the east, spelt as we know in Edward I.'s time, Kalkesore ; 

 on the north-west in Charford — the old Cerdices-ford of The 

 Chronicle ; on the south in Darrat (Danes-rout) and Dane- 

 stream, whose waters, the peasant maintains, still run red with 

 the blood of the conquered. 



Everywhere we meet similar compounds, — in Needsore, 

 which the Ordnance map spells Needs-oar, and thus loses the 

 etymolog}'-, which, like the Needle Eocks, means simply the under 

 (German nicder) shore ; in the various Galley Hills, corrupted 

 into Gallows Hills, which have nothing to do with the later, but 

 the older instrument, which contained the signal-fires, and are 

 connected with the words "galley,"! to frighten, and " galley- 

 baggar," a scarecrow, both still heard every day, from the Old- 

 English gcelan. 



We find the same impress in Lyndhurst, Brockenhurst, 

 Ashurst, and, as we have before said, in various other hursts, | in 

 the different Holmsleys, Netleys,§ Beckleys, Bentleys, Bratleys, 



* In the charter of confirmation of Baldwin de Redvers to the Con- 

 ventual House of Christchurch, quoted 'm'Dngd.di\€s Monasticon Anglicaimm, 

 vol. iii., part i., j). 304, and by AVarner, vol. ii., Appendix, p. 47, it is called 

 Iledenes Buria, which may suggest that the Avord is only a corruption. I 

 do not for one moment wish to insist on the personal reality of Hengest, 

 but simply to notice the fact of the High-German word for a horse being 

 prominent in the topography of a people whose ancestors used so many 

 High-German words. See Donaldson, Camh7-idge Essaijs, 1856, pp. 45-48. 



t On this word as explaming Shakspeare's"gallow" in King Lea?- {act iii. 

 sc. 2), see Transactions of the Tlulological Society, part i., 1858, pp. 123, 124, 



X See ch. iii., p. 33. 



§ In the parish of Eling we have Netley Down and Netley Down-field, 

 the Nutlei of Domesday. Upon this word — which we find, also, in the 



165 



