28 PIIYSIOGKAPnY. 



ranges liave a N. N. E. and S. S. W. trend ; and all the other 

 great phyt-ical features of the country, such as the bays, larger 

 lakes and rivers and valleys, have a similar direction. Probahly 

 this conformation has been shaped by glacial action during the 

 Ice-Period. The most important range of mountains is the Long 

 Range which commences at Cajie Raj', and runs in a continuous 

 chain in a north-easterly direction for 200 miles, terminating in 

 the Petit Nord peninsula. Some of its summits reach a height 

 of 2,0u0 feet. Outside the Long Range but parallel to it, and 

 nearer the west coast, is the Anguille Range, running from Cape 

 Anguille to the highlands of Bay St. George, with summits 1,900 

 feet high ; and the Blomidons extending along the south coast of 

 the Humber Arm, Bay of Islands, some of whose summits reach 

 a height of 2,084 feet, l^eing the highest in the island. The Mid- 

 dle Range stretches across the country from Fortune Bay to Notre 

 Dame Bay. The Black River Range runs from Piper's Hole, 

 Placentia Bay, to Clode Sound in Bonavista Bay. From one of 

 its isolated peaks called Centre Hill, 1,081 feet high, may be seen 

 in a clear day, the bays of Placentia, Fortiiue, Bonavista, Trinity 

 and Conception, and 150 lakelets may be counted. The view is 

 exceedingly fine. The Avalon Peninsula is traversed by an east- 

 ern and western range. The former commences at Renews, on 

 the eastesn coast, and extends for over twenty miles to Holyrood 

 at the head of Conception Bay, having at each end a rounded hill 

 named the " Butterpots," about 1,000 feet high. The westei-n 

 Avalon range begins at St. Mary's Bay and terminates at Chapel 

 Arm, Trinity Bay. Its principal summits are North-East Moun- 

 tain, 1,200 feet, from which 67 lakes are visible. Spread Eagle 

 Peak, Trinity Bay, and the Monument. Over the interior are 

 distributed a number of isolated sharply peaked summits which 

 spring abruptly from the great central plateau, and are very 

 serviceable as landmarks in guiding the Indian or the siiortsman 

 on their line of march. They bear the local name of Tolts. 

 Some of the more conspicuous of these are Hodge's Hill, on the 

 Exploits, (2,000 feet) ; Mount Peyton (1,670 feet), west end of 

 Gander Lake ; Lobster House, Hind's Pond ; Mount Musgrave 



