PREPAKATOEY EEMAEKS. 13 



rider must yield the hand, and at the time he is com- 

 ing down again, he mnst vigorously determine him 

 forward ; if this be done at any other time but when 

 the horse is coming down, it may add a spring to his 

 rearing, and make him come over. If this fails, you 

 must make the horse move on by getting some one 

 on foot to strike him behind with a w^hip. With a 

 good hand on them, horses seldom persist in this 

 vice, for they are themselves much afraid of falling 

 backward. .When a horse rears, the man should put 

 his right arm around the horse's neck, with the hand 

 well up, and close under the horse's gullet ; he should 

 press his left shoulder forward, so as to bring his 

 chest to the horse's near side ; for if the horse fall 

 back, he will then fall clear. 



Starting often proceeds from a defect in the sight, 

 which, therefore, must be carefully looked into. 

 Whatever the horse is afraid of, bring him up to it 

 gently, and if you make much of him every step lie 

 advances, he will go quite up to it by degrees, and 

 soon grow familiar with all sorts of objects. ^Noth- 

 ing but great gentleness can correct this fault ; for, 

 if you inflict punishment, the dread of chastisement 

 causes more starting than the fear of the object ; if 

 you let him go by the object without bringing him 

 to it, you increase the fault, and encourage him in his 

 fear. 



However, if a horse turns back, you must punish 

 him for doing so, and that whilst his head is away 



