32 PNEUMATICS. 



Des Cartes, letters III., p. Ill, 1631, explains the rise of Mercury in close tubes by the 



weight of the atmosphere. 



Stevinus, 1585, published in Flemish his Mechanics, and one chapter is entitled ( On the 

 Weight or Statics of Air.' Montucla (History of Mathem. II. 180), had never seen 

 it ; the Latin translator of Stevinus's works, published 1 608, having omitted this part, he 

 seems to suspect that it only discussed the force of air impinging on sails, &c . Montu- 

 cla (II. 203) gives the history of the Torricellian Discovery in a very striking manner. 

 The Theory of the Resistance of Elastic Fluids, to bodies moving in them, a branch 

 of Dynamics rather than Pneumatics, is given in some profound and beautiful proposi- 

 tions of the Principia: see lib. II., props. 34 and 35, 37 and 38, 40, and the scholium to 

 it, in which Sir Isaac relates his admirable experiments on bodies falling in the air, and 

 among others the experiments on bodies falling from the roof of St. Paul's (220 feet) 

 made in June 1710. Props. 43, 47, 48, and 49, contain the theory of pulses, and their 

 propagation through elastic media, and consequently the theory of sound. 



There are many valuable papers on subjects connected with Pneumatics in the 

 Philosophical Transactions* : 



Experiments on the Compression of Air by Water Dr. Halley on the Barometer. 



Dr. Papin, on Air rushing into a Vacuum. Hauksbee, on Sound propagated in con- 

 densed and rarefied Air. Hauksbee, on the Density and Temperature of Air. Desagu- 

 lier's Experiments on Bodies falling in Air. (This last set of experiments is described by 

 Sir I. Newton in the Scholium above referred to. He appears to have assisted and taken 

 the times.) Derham, Motion of Pendulums in Vacuo. Darwin, on the Mechanical 

 Expansion of Air. Edgeworth, on the Resistance of Air. On the Motion of Air. 

 Dr. Young's Paper on Sound and Light. 



The Air-Pump Smeaton's proposed Air-Pump. Nairne's Experiments with that 

 and other Pumps. Cavallo's Air Pump. (There are in the older volumes some papers 

 on the same subject, beginning with the proposals by Dr. Beale and Mr. Boyle, of 

 several experiments to be made with the " Pneumatic Engine.") Mr. Boyle's New 

 Pneumatical Experiments about Respiration (all in the Philosophical Transactions.) 



Boyle's Treatise on the Spring and Weight of Air, Oxford 1 663. 



Boyle, on the Rarity and Density of Air Marriotte sur la Nature de 1'Air, 1676. 



Hombergon the Spring of Air in Vacuo. Mem. of the French Acad. of Sciences,!. 105. 



La Hire on the Condensation and Dilatation of Air, ib. 1705, p. 1 10. 



Carre" on the Spring of Air, ib. 1710, p. 1. 



Richmann on the Compression of Air by Ice. Nova Comment. Petropolitana, II. 162. 



Nollet on Pneumatic Experiments. Mem. French Acad. 1740, pp. 385, 567 1741, 



p. 338. 



Fontana on the Elasticity of Gases. Mem. Societa Italiana, I. p. 83. 



The Barometer Traite des Barometres. Amsterdam, 1 686 Mercurial and Water 



Barometers compared. Mem. Fr. Acad. I. 234. Amontons on Barometers, ib. II. 23. 

 Huygens on a New Barometer, ib. X. 375 La Hire on Barometers, ib. 1706, p. 432. 

 Franceschini on the Height of the Barometer. Mem. Soc. Ital. V. 294. Dalton on Ba- 

 rometrical Observations. Manchester Mem. V. 666. 



Barometrical Measurements. Halley, Barometrical Observations on Snowden. 

 Halley on Barometrical Measurements. Derham on the Height of the Barometer on 

 Mountains. Desagulier's Contrivance for taking Levels. Scheuchzer's Barometrical 

 Method of Measuring the Height of Mountains. Deluc, Barometrical Observations on 

 the Depth of Mines Sir G. Shuckburgh. Gen. Roy on Measurement of Heights (all 

 in the Philosophical Transactions.) 



Euler on Barometrical Measurements. Mem. Acad. Berlin, 1753, p. 114. 



Lavoisier on Weight of Air. Mem. French Acad. 1 774, p. 364. 



Morozzo on the Constitution of the Atmosphere. Mem. Soc. Ital. VI. 221. 



Playfair on the Causes which affect the accuracy of Barometric Measurements Edin 

 Trans. I. 87. 



Acoustics, or Doctrine of Sound 



Perrault on Hearing. Mem. Fr. Acad. I. 158 Nollet on the Hearing of Fishes, ib. 



1743, p. 199. Anderson on the same subject, ib. 1748, p. 149. Hunter on the same 

 subject. Phil. Trans. 1782, p. 379. La Hire on Sound. Mem. Fr. Acad. 1716, p. 

 262 Cassini on Sound, ib. 1738, p. 128 Lagrange on Sound. Mem. Acad. Turin, 

 I. II. Eufer on the Propagation of Pulses. Nov. Com. Petropol. I. 67. Euler on the 

 jame subject. Mem. Acad. Berlin, 1765, p. 335. J. Gough on Sound. Manchester 

 Mem. V. 622. 



* The pages referred to in the Philosophica 1 Transactions will be easily found by consulting the Index to 

 the Abridgement, want of space preventing their insertion here. 



