SPERMOGONIA 199 



"pycnidial" non-sexual character of the organs, recognized eight types of 

 "sporophores" differing in the complexity of their branching or in the form 

 of the "spores" (Fig. 113 A): 



1. The Peltigera type: the sporophores consist of a basal cell bearing 

 one or more long sterigmata and rather stoutish ellipsoid spores. (These 

 are true pycnidia.) 



2. The Psora type: a more elongate simple sporophore with sterigmata 

 and oblong spores. 



3. The Cladonia type: a branching sporophore, each branch with sterig- 

 mata and oblong spores. 



4. The Squamaria type (called by Gliick Placodium) : also a branching 

 sporophore but with long sickle-like bent spores. 



5. The Parmelia type: a more complicated system of branching and 

 anastomosing of the sporophores, with oblong spores. 



6. and 7. The Sticta and Physcia types: in both of these the sporo- 

 phores are multiseptate; they consist of a series of radiately arranged 

 hyphae rising from a basal tissue all round the pycnidium. They anasto- 

 mose to form a network and bud off " spermatia " from the free cells or 

 rather from minute sterigmata. In the Physcia type there is more general 

 anastomosis of the sporophores and frequently masses of sterile cells along 

 with the fertile members occupy the centre of the pycnidium. The sper- 

 matia of these and the following Endocarpon type are short cylindrical 

 bodies (Fig. 1 1 3 B). 



7 8 



Fig. 113 B. 7, Physcia ciliaris DC. x 600; 8, Endocarpon sp. x 600 

 (after Gliick). 



8. Endocarpon type: the pycnidium is filled by a tissue of short broad 

 cells, with irregular hollow spaces lined by fertile cells similar to those of 

 the Sticta and Physcia types. 



