FAMILIES AND GENERA 309 



SERIES I. PYRENOCARPEAE 



ALGAL CELLS PROTOCOCCACEAE OR PALM ELL A. 

 I. MORIOLACEAE \ 

 II. EPIGLOEACEAE >. Thallus crustaceous, perithecia solitary. 



in. VERRUCARIACEAE] 



IV. DERMA TOCARPACEAE. Thallus squamulose or foliose. 



V. PYRENOTHAMNIACEAE. Thallus fruti cose. 

 ALGAL CELLS PRASIOLA. 



VI. MASTOIDIACEAE. 

 ALGAL CELLS TRENTEPOHLIA. 



VII. PYRENULACEAE } 

 VIII. PARATHELIACEAEY Thallus crustaceous, perithecia occurring singly. 



IX. TRYPELHELIACEAE\ 



X. ASTROTHELIACEAEY Tna " us crustaceous, perithecia united (stromatoid). 



XI. MYCOPORACEAE. Thallus crustaceous, perithecia in compact groups with a 



common outer wall. 



XII. PHYLLOPYREN1ACEAE. Thallus minutely foliose. 

 ALGAL CELLS PHYLLACTIDIUM OR MYCOIDEA. 



XIII. STRIGULACEAE. Tropical leaf-lichens. 

 ALGAL CELLS NOSTOC OR SCYTONEMA. 



XIV. PYRENIDIACEAE. Thallus minutely squamulose or fruticose. 



SERIES 2. GYMNOCARPEAE 

 Subseries i. Coniocarpineae, with subperithecial fruits. 

 Subseries 2. Graphidineae, with elongate, narrow fruits. 

 Subseries 3. Cyclocarpineae, with round open fruits. 



SUBSERIES i. CONIOCARPINEAE 



This is a well-defined group, peculiar in the disappearance of the asci at an early stage 

 so that the spores lie like a powder in the globose partly closed fruits. Algal cells, bright- 

 green ; Protococcaceae. There are only three families : 



XV. CALICIACEAE. Thallus crustaceous, apothecia stalked. 



XVI. CYPHELIACEAE. Thallus crustaceous, apothecia sessile. 



XVII. SPHAEROPHORACEAE. Thallus foliose or fruticose, apothecia sessile. 



SUBSERIES 2. GRAPHIDINEAE 



This subseries comes next in the form of fruit development ; generally the apothecia 

 are elongate, with a narrow slit-like opening, so that a transverse section shows almost a 

 perithecial outline. Algal cells are mostly Trentepohlia. 



XVIII. ARTHONIACEAE. Thallus crustaceous, apothecia oval or linear, flat. 



XIX. GRAPH ID ACE AE. Thallus crustaceous, apothecia linear, raised. 



XX. CHIODECTONA CEAE. Thallus crustaceous, apothecia generally immersed in 



a stroma. 



XXI. DIRINACEAE. Thallus crustaceous, corticate above, apothecia round. 



XXII. ROCCELLACEAE. Thallus fruticose, apothecia round or elongate. 



SUBSERIES 3. CYCLOCARPINEAE 



A large and very varied group ! In most of the families the algal cells are bright-green 

 (Chlorophyceae), in some they are blue-green (Cyanophyceae), these latter corresponding 

 to Reinke's order Cyanophili. The apothecia, as the name implies, are round and open ; 

 the "Cyanophili" have been placed by Zahlbruckner after those families in which the 



