70 



The Endocrine Organs 



which characterise violent emotional states (both id animals and man) are 

 similar to those which are produced by excess of the suprarenal autacoid 

 in the blood. 



It is conjectured that the hyperglycaemia and glycosuria which result 

 from Bernard's sugar puncture are accompanied by and probably largely due 

 to stimulation of the suprarenals through the splanchnics causing the passage 

 of an excess of adrenalin into the blood, which in turn produces increased 



Fig. 43. — Effect on blood-pressure of stimulating the splanchnic nerves. The first rise in blood- 

 pressure is caused by constriction of the vessels of the splanchnic area, the second by out- 

 pouring of adrenalin into the blood. The numbers above the abscissa denote the number 

 of pulse beats in ten seconds, (v. Anrep. ) 



">^^^ 



'Ci'< ' 



\ 



Fig. 44. — The same as in fig. 43, but with the suprarenal capsules removed. Only the rise of 

 blood-pressure caused by the direct effect of the stimulation on the vessels of the splanchnic 

 area is now seen. (v. Anrep.) 



transformation of the liver glycogen into glucose. This will be referred to 

 more fully in the next section. 



Dale has suggested that certain alkaloids (e.g. nicotine and pilocarpine) 

 exert their action on involuntary muscle, not directly, but by stimulating 

 the suprarenals to increased activity. This has also been shown to be 

 probably true for morphia, chloroform, and ether by Elliott: the effect 

 appears to be brought about through the splanchnic nerves. 



Relations of the Suprarenals with Other Endocrine Organs 

 and Secreting Glands 



Ott and Scott state that various organ extracts, viz., thyroid, parathyroid, 

 pituitary, thymus, pancreas, testicle, and ovary, produce an increased 



