104 



The Endocrine Organs 



by prolonged polyuria : this may be caused by irritation of portions of pars 

 intermedia which remain. According to Weed, Cushing, and Jacobson, 

 puncture of the pituitary gives as definite results regarding glycosuria as 

 Bernard's puncture of the fourth ventricle. In both cases there must be 



Fig. 72. —Adult dogs, male and female, some months after removal of the greater part of the 

 pituitary body. In each case a control of the same litter is shown on the right of the 

 operated animal. (Cushing.) The tendency to adiposity is well marked in both sexes. 



" available " glycogen present, i.e. glycogen resulting from recent ingestion 

 of carbohydrates. Both this and Bernard's puncture are ineffective after 

 section of the cord at the fourth thoracic level. 



Effects of Grafting and Feeding with Pituitary 



Many attempts have been made to increase the internal secretion of the 

 pituitary — especially of the pars anterior — by grafting the organ or portions 

 of the organ from an animal of the same species into various parts of the 

 body ; but these have always so far resulted in failure, the graft disappear- 

 ing, or at any rate undergoing degeneration, in the course of a few days. 

 In white rats, rabbits, and guinea-pigs I have repeatedly implanted the 

 organ as a whole or in small pieces, under the skin of the groin, in the 

 peritoneal cavity, in the kidney substance, in the spleen, and in the substance 

 of the brain, but always with no result or with onty a temporary effect 

 upon the amount of urine secreted, which has obviously been due to the 

 autacoid of the posterior lobe. Only after extirpation of the animal's own 

 gland did Cushing and his fellow-workers succeed in occasionally getting a 

 graft to take (for at least a month). A. Exner seems to have obtained 

 something like a positive result in rats without previous removal of the 



