24 THE NURSERY. 



"Such swellings indicate faulty physiological 

 unions. The nutrient juices are impeded in their 

 movement of distribution. The barrier is like a 

 dam in a river above which the struggling waters 

 press out in every direction. The amount of such 

 trunk enlargement may be taken as the measure of 

 inadaptability or of physical incongruity. * * * 



" First it must appear that the so-called collar 

 means nothing. If there is any foundation for the 

 claim made for grafting in the "collar" or "crown" 

 it simply and only can be that it is better to graft 

 into the stem instead of the root for as heretofore 

 asserted the place popularly designated by these 

 terms is only that part of the tree stem which hap- 

 pens at the surface of the ground. 



"Secondly, it is a decided misnomer to speak 

 about using 'whole roots.' This is indeed usually 

 recognized, despite the common use of the term. 



1 ' But few probably are aware how far from the 

 truth the expression really is. 



* l Look at these poorly grown one year old piece 

 root grafted apple trees (exhibiting three specimens). 

 They were dug from the end of a nursery row, 

 without selection of any kind, but care taken to 

 take up whole roots. The fine roots are over 

 three feet long, and the center one descended to 

 that depth in the soil. Here again is a one year 

 budded cherry. The stock is the red wild cherry. 

 Here are roots four and a half feet long, with a 

 spread as they grew of about 6 feet, and a depth 

 almost the total length. 



