26 THE NURSERY. 



We still take some exceptions even to the excel- 

 lent authority quoted. It is noteworthy that the 

 Ben Davis is the most cosmopolitan in its habits 

 upon other stocks, seldom showing the point of 

 union at three years old ; still it is not noted for 

 hardiness or longevity, while the Duchess and 

 Haas make the poorest unions, and show the 

 greatest enlargements, are very hardy and long lived. 



The Duchess does not show this enlargement to 

 so great an extent as the Haas, but shows a cracked, 

 rough condition, from which we get a flood of 

 sprouts, showing a bad union. For this reason we 

 fully agree with him in his conclusion that the 

 tree upon its own roots is best, and the shorter the 

 root and longer the cion, the sooner we shall 

 accomplish this. If we could grow the trees from 

 cuttings like currants, it would be still better. 



Dr. Warder says: "If the young trees are earthed 

 up in the nursery, and set rather deeply in .the 

 orchard, they will soon establish a good set of roots 

 of their own, emitted above the junction of the 

 cion and stock, which is very preferable to the 

 imperfect union and consequent enlargement that 

 often results from using uncongenial stocks." 



Again, one of the simplest methods of multiply- 

 ing varieties consists of increasing and encouraging 

 the suckers thrown up by the roots; these are sep- 

 arated and set out for trees. We have been told by 

 some physiologists that there was an absolute differ- 

 ence in structure between the root and the stem, 

 that they could not be substituted the one for the 



