AND ITS ADAPTABILITY TO LATITUDES. 37 



It is the general impression among horticultur- 

 ists that these varieties may be put put into two 

 general classes, namely, those very finely organized 

 apples, having the best quality, as the "tender" 

 ones, while those of coarser organisms and poorer 

 quality are generally the "hardy" ones. 



There may be, and doubtless is, some foundation 

 for this classification, but no one is capable of 

 drawing the lines that will exactly divide these two 

 classes. ' There are so many variations from this 

 rule that it is of little value. Of the first class we 

 would cite the Michigan Swaar and theR. I. Green- 

 ing; and of the second class the Duchess of Olden- 

 burg, Wealthy, the crabs, and perhaps some of the 

 Russian varieties. 



On the other hand we have practically hardy 

 trees of excellent quality to destroy the absolute 

 application of the rule, such as Grimes Golden, 

 Iowa Blush, Yellow Bellflower, Am. Sum. Pear- 

 main, Wagner and others. 



Another element which will figure largely in the 

 determination of the character of hardiness of a 

 tree should not be overlooked; that is the history 

 of its removal from the nursery to the orchard. 

 This may be properly called the crisis in the life 

 history of a tree, especially an apple tree, and on 

 the success of this operation will depend almost 

 wholly the future usefulness of the tree. Not that 

 this will, if successfully done, assure this usefulness, 

 but if it is poorly done so that an unnecessary 

 shock is given the subject from which it does not 



