86 CROSS-POLLENIZING THE FLOWERS. 



which have other qualities that condemn them. 

 For instance the Grimes Golden is in quality unsur- 

 passed, but it has a tendency to drop its fruit before 

 ripe and is not hardy in all localities. Suppose we 

 cross this with the Wealthy or Duchess. It will 

 be with the hope of either adding to the keeping 

 qualities of the latter and possibly to their quality 

 as well as to add to the hardiness of the Grimes 

 Golden, retaining its keeping qualities and quality 

 of fruit. 



Botanists are assuming it to be true that the female 

 parent will be more apt to govern in the tree and 

 the male parent in the fruit. This remains to be 

 proven. 



L,et us first describe a perfect fl6wer; one having 

 all the organs complete within itself. These are 

 called Hemophroditic. First the outer case called 

 the calix bursts and reveals the next which is 

 usually of beautiful colors and is called the cor- 

 rolla. It is composed of leaves called petals. Inside 

 of this we have another set of organs called stamens, 

 they may be known by their generally greater 

 length than the pistils, and terminating at the top 

 in a small pod called the anther. This pod con- 

 tains the fine dust that we call pollen. This pollen 

 carries the male element of the flower, or the sperm 

 cell. 



Arising from the center of the flower there is 

 another important organ, sometimes many in a sin- 

 gle flower, called pistils. Whether one or more it 

 consists of three parts. The upper part is the stig- 



