94 ENEMIES OF THE ORCHARD 



devoted to other matters of greater practical 

 importance. 



Hexipod insects are transformed through four 

 separate stages (i) the ova, or eggs; (2) the larva, 

 or active eating stage, in which they are improp- 

 erly called worms; (3) the pupa, or chrysalis, in 

 which it is inactive and from which it emerges as 

 the perfect insect or imago, in the fourth transition. 



Leaf Eaters. These are in most cases the larva 

 as above, but there are some bugs or beetles that 

 also eat leaves; but the perfect insect or imago is 

 usually harmless. Whatever the insect, bug or 

 worm may be that eats the leaves of any tree or 

 plant, the remedy is the same and very simple; 

 that is, the spraying with some of the arsenites, 

 and those most in use are London purple and Paris 

 green. These are applied as will be directed below 

 with a lorce or spraying pump in a stream broken 

 up by a mechanical appliance into fine spray. 

 Every fruit grower, as well as every farmer, should 

 have one of these. They may be large, powerful 

 and expensive, or simple and cheap, according to 

 the work that is expected of them. Trees should 

 be watched very closely during the summer to see 

 whether leaves are being eaten. If they are and 

 the trees are small, the eaters will be easily found 

 and picked off and destroyed; but if large, use the 

 sprayer and the eating will stop. 



There is one insect that requires special mention, 

 the leaf crumpler. In winter we often see small 

 tufts of withered leaves adhering to the twigs, gen- 



