AND FRUIT GARDEN. 97 



fruit, and at times even the leaves. Spraying has 

 been found beneficial on this account, but jarring 

 the trees at this season of the year early in the 

 morning is also resorted to. The insects drop down 

 on to sheets and are gathered and destroyed. 



Borers. There are two of these insects chat 

 attack the apple trees and some others. The round- 

 headed one works near the base of the trunk. This 

 is known as saperda vivitata, or Candida. The per- 

 fect insect is a brown beetle with two white stripes 

 running the entire length of the body. It deposits 

 its eggs one in a place in the night, generally near 

 the ground ; the larva works its way through the 

 bark and then works either upward or downward 

 in a circle in the sap wood, frequently girdling the 

 tree before it burrows deeper toward the heart of 

 the tree. The time required to make the life cycle 

 again to the adult is stated by Dr. Fitch to be two 

 years, but Reily says three. This is immaterial ; 

 the remedies are the same, as well as for the flat- 

 head, which works higher and occasionally in the 

 larger branches. This is the chrysobothris femorata, 

 and is the one that attacks the box elders and soft 

 maple. The first indication of the former will be 

 in the latter part of June, when a small hole will 

 be observed, and the bark around it will be darker 

 and, later, somewhat sunken, and the chips or dust 

 will be seen protruding. The latter will show the 

 effect a month or more later. If noticed early the 

 remedy is to press hard with the thumb, and if it 

 is effective the grub will be crushed and easily 



