1 1 6 PROPAGATION. 



together, but there is a limit to this work, and the 

 grafter will not be successful unless the stock and 

 cion are closely allied. Varieties of the same 

 species unite most readily, then species of the same 

 genus, then genera of the same natural order, 

 beyond which there can be no uniting of the parts. 

 Thus apples work easily upon apples, crabs or 

 thorns, less easily upon pears and not at all upon 

 peaches. 



The initial point of growth in any case will be 

 exactly the same as though we were growing it 

 from a cutting, which is a cion planted in the 

 earth; that is, the formation of wood cells of which 

 the entire tree is made. In this case they form 

 until they unite with like wood cells which are 

 induced in the stock, when there is a connection 

 with the whole system of the other tree. 



When by cuttings or layerings, this cion is 

 supposed to be of such a sort that it will, under 

 proper circumstances, continue this cell formation 

 until it takes the form of, and performs all the 

 offices of the original roots, when we have a new 

 tree or vine as the case may be, "upon its own 

 roots. " 



Propagation by Seeds. This is the simplest form 

 of all. The seeds of currants, gooseberries, or any 

 other of the small fruits may be washed by rubbing 

 the ripe fruit smartly in water, and pouring it off. 

 The seeds settle to the bottom. These seeds may 

 all be planted in the fall, or generally at the time 

 of ripening, and in this way some valuable new 



