l86 SMALL FRUITS. 



former propagate from sprouts thrown up from the 

 roots of the parent and are called suckers, while 

 the latter do not sucker, but propagate by the 

 recurved tips taking root in the soil. These are 

 called tips, or, more properly, stolons. They are 

 among our most valuable hardy small bush fruits, 

 but, like the blackberry, they do best in sheltered 

 positions. Where the canes (bushes) are liable to 

 winter killing, in latitude 42 or south, it is believed 

 to be generally due to the drying and wrenching 

 winds of winter more than to the intensity of the 

 cold. This is also true of the grape. 



Where there is this liability it is an easy matter 

 to cover them and in this manner insure a crop 

 almost without peradventure. If planted in an 

 orchard of trees large enough to be of considerable 

 shelter, they will not generally need further pro- 

 tection, or they will do in the place least favorable 

 to the apple orchard, where well sheltered from the 

 north and west winds. 



Prepare the ground as for strawberries, and plant 

 for a considerable field 4x8 feet; cultivate as for 

 corn. For a small lot for home use they can be 

 grown in a matted row system, or an approach to 

 that method. Plant 2 feet in the row and the 

 rows 8 feet apart. 



The nurseryman hears more complaint from the 

 planters of the failure of the raspberry than any 

 other plant or tree. This is measurably so of the 

 snowball, and for the same reason, namely, the 

 great mass of fine roots which they bear. If these 



