CHAPTER XV. 



Description of Apples and Pears. 



IN describing the apples as given below, to avoid 

 confusion in terms variously employed to denote 

 hardiness, they will be numbered from one to ten, 

 the hardiest being numbered one, and the tenderest 

 ten, intermediate numbers denoting the different 

 degrees between them as near as may be. 



It is common in our western horticultural socie- 

 ties to place these different sorts in certain latitudes, 

 but as we have shown in another place under the 

 relationship of hardiness to latitudes, it has been 

 thought better to make the above distinctions. 



It is well to remark here, that there will no 

 doubt, be exceptions to this classification in indi- 

 vidual cases. Thus: the Ben Davis is marked 5, 

 while there are cases where it is standing, and has 

 stood for years side by side with the Duchess which 

 is marked i. The intention is to convey in the 

 simplest manner what the reputation is in general, 

 of certain varieties mostly grown in the northwest. 



SUMMER VARIETIES. 



Tctofski, also known as Russian Crab. This is 

 undoubtedly of Russian origin, but entirely unlike 



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